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At the end a voter registration exercise was undertaken and the first District Assembly elections were conducted in 1988 with an average national turnout of 58.9% was quite high by all standards especially when it was compared to the Local Council Elections in 1978, which recorded as low as 18% turnout (Oquaye, 1980:82). On that basis, when Ghana decided to change over from military dictatorship to constitutional liberal democracy in 1992, the first multiparty government- the National Democratic Congress (NDC) that came into power in 1993 decided to continue with the process of decentralisation. It therefore consolidated the aim of decentralisation within the new framework of liberal democratic constitution in spite of the fact that some essential democratic elements in the constitution remained compromised. Rationale for Decentralisation in Ghana The decentralisation programme had two main objectives: To create opportunity for the majority of Ghanaians who live in the rural areas – in villages and towns - to participate in decisions that directly affect their lives and increase their access to political authority Promote local development through the involvement of the indigenous people as a way of improving ownership and commitment to enhance implementation leading to improvement in the living conditions of the local people The underlying aim of the 1988 Local Government Law was “to promote popular participation and ownership of the machinery of government… by devolving power, competence and resource/means to the district level” (cited in Map Consult 2002: 35). The 1992 Constitution, which marked the transition to multiparty democracy at the national level, endorsed and consolidated the 1988 reforms, with few substantial changes. Therefore, the Constitution unambiguously stated that: “Local government and administration … shall … be decentralized” (Article 240[1]), and that “functions, powers, responsibilities and resources should be transferred from the Central Government to local government units” (Article 240[2]). The Constitution declared the DA as “the highest political authority in the district, [Article 241(3)], with the principles of participation in local government and downward accountability to the public accentuated by the declaration that: “To ensure the accountability代写留学作业提供代写Essay，代写Assignment，请联系QQ：949925041 of local government authorities, people in particular local government areas shall, as far as practicable, be afforded the opportunity to participate effectively in their governance” Article 240[2][e]. Indeed, the democratic intention in the decentralisation provisions is made clear in the Constitution which states that: “The State shall take appropriate measures to make democracy a reality by decentralizing the administrative and financial machinery of government to the regions and districts and by affording all possible opportunities to the people to participate in decision-making at every level of national life and in government” (Article 35[6][d]). |
