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Abstracts 摘要
随着美国新总统特朗普的到来，他有关环境政策的实施带来了坏消息，这使他的邻国感到前所未有的压力和贸易伙伴。本文旨在从历史的角度，通过对美国政治经济环境保护、新政理念和加拿大环境保护的分析，阐述环境保护措施变化的影响。并据此提出了自己的看法，希望将加拿大的影响降到最低。
With the arrival of the new American President Trumpand his related environmental policy implementation of bad news, which made his neighbors felt unprecedented pressure and trade partner. This paper is designed to explain the influence of the change in the environmental protection measures from the angle of history, through the analysis of the political and economic environment protection of the United States the concept of the New Deal and the environmental protection in Canada. And accordingly put forward its own views; hope to minimize the effects of Canada.
1. New US Government’s Environmental Policy’s Review美国新政府环境政策回顾
特朗普需要推翻奥巴马政府过去八年在气候变化领域的努力。1月25日，路透社援引美国环境保护局（EPA）两名工作人员的话说，政府已下令该局在气候变化页面上争先删除该网站，可将环保局多年来对气候变化的工作变成水。
Trump needs to get to overthrow the Obama administration's efforts in the past eight years in the area of climate change. On January 25, Reuters quoted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) two staff said that the government has ordered the agency to Trump on the page of climate change, delete the web site can be environmental protection bureau for many years on the work of climate change into the water.
值得注意的是，美国环境保护署的创意总监任命特朗普·斯科特为普鲁伊特。俄克拉荷马州前司法部长长期以来一直反对奥巴马遏制气候变化的努力。特朗普上任后，白宫网站近期升级宣布，特朗普将推翻之前以奥巴马气候政策为核心的“气候行动计划”。
It is useful to observe that the U.S. environmental protection agency's creative directors appoint Trump Scott is Pruitt. Oklahoma, the former justice minister, has long opposed Mr. Obama's efforts to stem climate change. Trump took office, the recent upgrade of the White House website announced that Trump will overturn before Obama's climate policy at the core of "climate action plan".
Trump says climate change is a hoax and promised to withdraw from the United Nations on climate change agreement in Paris during the election. Although cut carbon emissions, Trump the government plans to increase oil production and restore the coal industry in the United States. These plans are criticized and against environmental agencies.
特朗普说，气候变化是一个骗局，并承诺在选举期间退出在巴黎举行的联合国气候变化协议。虽然减少了碳排放，但特朗普政府计划增加石油产量，恢复美国的煤炭工业。这些计划受到了批评，并对环境机构提出了反对。
Public statement and action plan, the New York real estate developer and reality TV star had orders to give up the Obama administration's climate change policy, and cancel the payment at the UN climate change programmers to revive the fossil fuel industry. In addition, Trump also hinted that he may close the U.S. environmental protection agency.
公共声明和行动计划，纽约房地产开发商和真人秀明星接到命令，放弃奥巴马政府的气候变化政策，取消联合国气候变化规划署的付款，以振兴化石燃料行业。此外，特朗普还暗示，他可能会关闭美国环境保护署。
2. Canadian Environmental Policy’s background加拿大环境政策背景
The Canadian government has always paid great attention to environmental protection, and Pierre Trump period (1968-1984) is the age of modern ecological history in Canada. Thoreau's environmental policy has a wide range of international and domestic background. Learn the history of Canada Trump period of ecological policy, ecological policy is the most effective way, to reflect the environment and environmental diplomacy in Canada and its role in the global environmental movement. From the point of view of marital, Trump government has made considerable progress in environmental policies, regulations and policies.
After the establishment of the federal environment in 1971, the provincial environmental protection agencies are working. The federal and provincial environmental protection department is now one of the most vital institutions in Canada. From 1968 to 1975, Trudeau government also issued a series of environmental protection laws and regulations, and had a legal basis for environmental protection and environmental governance.
In addition, the formation of the environmental assessment review process during this period, not only for the ongoing environmental assessment mechanism provides a reference, but also makes a profound impact on future generations. Trudeau government not only committed to the policy construction, but also places great importance on the policy implementation and supervision (Canada's Action on Climate Change Action, 2016).The typical example of water quality control, acid rain pollution prevention and control of toxic chemicals, and so on, according to the successful institutionalization of Canada's environmental policy.
From the global perspective, a Canadian transnational environmental diplomacy during this period has also made remarkable achievements. In 1970, Canada's foreign ministry issued a white paper on Canadian foreign policy, to clear the six major national interests, is the basis for Canadian external policy.
Environmental protection is one of the important part of Canada's a goal, to create a "fair society", as an active participant in Canada, and even leaders such as international conference in Stockholm in 1972 human environment conference and 1972 international conference on the law of the sea, or in dealing with international environmental problems, such as the destruction of the ozone layer and the harm of organic pollutants Trudeau government's environment policy not only has paved the way for the Canadian modern environmental policy, it has a pioneering role in environmental protection in Canada, and there is a very important historical position in the world environmental protection movement.
3. Current environmental policy of Canada
According to mike bean Gord, Ontario, the current chairman of the climate alliance (OCC), we found that now in Ontario environmental activities in an orderly manner (climate changeOntario, 2015).Include setting up a panel of experts in adapting to climate change, strengthen exchanges and cooperation with partner universities and promoting city innovative energy projects (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2016). Specific work has established the climate summit of the Americas to sign, climate change strategy, the conference of the parties (Paris), green investment fund, mitigate climate change and low carbon economic activity and climate change action plan (Gordon McBean provides a brief overview of Ontario and Canada’sdevelopment of, 2016).
At the same time, Canadian, from Ontario, is also a member of the Paris agreement; create the four key areas to reduce the occurrence of disasters: restore the post-disaster reconstruction, disaster recovery, recovery and reconstruction. Canada will continue to support the exceptional global priorities, especially in developing states. The Canadian government is aware of the importance of environmental protection cooperation between enterprises actively encourage enterprises to develop the cooperation with the worldwide market. As a rapid growth in the industry environment, we need to constantly develop new technology, these innovative technologies applied to products and services, in order to increase their competitiveness. To this end, the Canadian government introduced a number of plans;promote the development of their environmental protection enterprises. The more influential project: Industrial Research and Development Program (I.R.A.P.), Canada's national research council launched a long-term plan. The goal is to give financial and technical assistance to small and medium-sized enterprise environmental protection, to help them reduce financial risks and to make them learn about and promote new technologies. Environment TechnologyCertificationSheme (E.T.V.) is jointly launched by environment Canada, the industry in 1997.Its goal is to show of creative technologies, products and services of private environmental protection enterprises, promote the enterprises into the global and domestic market. Canada’s Technical Cooperation Program (T.P.C.) is an investment plan by the Canadian industry. Aimed at supporting environmental protection enterprises to decrease risk, speed up the industrialization of modern technology. That is why Canada is to ease the transition plan, climate and local capacity building and intelligent agriculture climate resilience abroad (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2016).
In order to improve the ability to cope with climate change, the government of Canada has conducted a series of process at the national level of climate change. At the 22nd conference of the parties, for example, the Canadian government carried on the thorough discussion to reduce the helpful suggestions and release of greenhouse gases. Promoting and encourage individuals to become involved in environmental protection activities (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2016).
There is no denying the fact that Canada's contribution in the field of environmental protection is huge. However, this may lead to short-term benefits. In accordance with the announcement issued by the state, March 7 (2016), in response to climate change, the federal government intends to modify the existing environmental policy and improve the environmental threshold, it will have a negative impact on some foreign investment projects. |
