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Rationale for Decentralisation in Ghana The decentralisation programme had two main objectives: To create opportunity for the majority of Ghanaians who live in the rural areas – in villages and towns - to participate in decisions that directly affect their lives and increase their access to political authority Promote local development through the involvement of the indigenous people as a way of improving ownership and commitment to enhance implementation leading to improvement in the living conditions of the local people The underlying aim of the 1988 Local Government Law was “to promote popular participation and ownership of the machinery of government… by devolving power, competence and resource/means to the district level” (cited in Map Consult 2002: 35). The 1992 Constitution, which marked the transition to multiparty democracy at the national level, endorsed and consolidated the 1988 reforms, with few substantial changes. Therefore, the Constitution unambiguously stated that: “Local government and administration … shall … be decentralized” (Article 240[1]), and that “functions, powers, responsibilities and resources should be transferred from the Central Government to local government units” (Article 240[2]). The Constitution declared the DAThe Assignment is provided by UK Assignment http://www.szdhsjt.com as “the highest political authority in the district, [Article 241(3)], with the principles of participation in local government and downward accountability to the public accentuated by the declaration that: “To ensure the accountability of local government authorities, people in particular local government areas shall, as far as practicable, be afforded the opportunity to participate effectively in their governance” Article 240[2][e]. Indeed, the democratic intention in the decentralisation provisions is made clear in the Constitution which states that: “The State shall take appropriate measures to make democracy a reality by decentralizing the administrative and financial machinery of government to the regions and districts and by affording all possible opportunities to the people to participate in decision-making at every level of national life and in government” (Article 35[6][d]). Such obvious democratic objective is somewhat undermined however, by the maintenance of powers of appointment by the President, including that of the District Chief Executive (Article 243[1]). Therefore, it is clear both in the provisions of the Local Government Act and the Decentralisation Policy that decentralisation in Ghana was planned to facilitate good local governance (for instance, participation and accountability are unambiguously stated). This in turn would promote local development through infrastructure development and efficient service delivery. One of the important prerequisites to achieve the aims and objectives of the democratic local governance system is electoral participation which affords the local populace the opportunity to least hold their elected public officials accountable periodically. |