CITIZEN EMPOWERMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION AT THE GR(29)

3.9.2.4 Agency
This was operationalised by assessing the willingness /motivationThe Assignment is provided by UK Assignment http://www.szdhsjt.com  of the school committees to assume their roles and also the same was done to the local community members in terms of participation. Assumption: The higher the level of motivation the higher the performance.

3.9.2.5 Autonomy
This was measured in terms of the extent to which the school committees can autonomously make and implement decisions without external interference. The assumption here is that the higher the autonomy, the higher the performance. According to the study by Eskeland and Filmer (2002), there was evidence of positive correlation between performance and the autonomy of primary schools in Argentina, where more autonomous schools performed significantly higher than the less autonomous schools. The assumption under this variable is that that the higher the autonomy the higher the performance.

3.9.2.6 Time
This was operationalised by examining the tenure of service of the school committees. The assumption is that more tenure will give the committees an opportunity to perform better because of ‘strong teamwork’.

References
Abu-Duhou (1999).School-based management. Paris: UNESCO/IIEP.

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Arnstein, S. R. (1969). ‘A Ladder of Citizen Participation’.  American Institute of Planners.
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