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cohesion. GenderThe Essay is provided by UK Assignment http://www.szdhsjt.com Research on gender and group leaders has focused on how men and women differ as leaders (e.g. Carli and Eagly, 1999; Morgeson, 2005). A meta-analysis of 45 studies found that female leaders were more transformational than male leaders (Eagly et al., 2003). However, little research has focused on the gender of team members and its relationship to group performance. In one recent study, team member gender was examined in relationship to team structure (Berdahl and Anderson, 2005). The authors reported that besides women’s preference of equality norms in groups, a centralized group structure was preferred by men and a decentralized one by women. This would be consistent, though not with a perfect correlation, with a transactional (men)-transformational (women) distinction. In another study where gender was not central to the study but was analyzed more like a covariate, Cooke et al. (2003) found no difference in performance between teams made up of men and women. Using another outcome measure, commitment, which is often an antecedent of performance, Riordan and Shore (1997) found that women have higher levels of commitment toward their work units (groups) than men. As discussed above, commitment, a motivational concept, is often engendered from transformational leadership. Other relationships between gender and attitudes and behaviors were not found to be significant. The authors argue that there may be other structural variables (perhaps, leadership style) that interact or moderate the gender-performance effect. Based on some of the differences in gender results, we hypothesize that gender needs to be examined in understanding the process that leads to team performance. Summary of hypotheses: According to the above, three hypotheses were formulated: H1. Transformational leaders, as compared to transactional ones, lead to higher levels of team cohesiveness. H2a. Women see leaders as more transformational, as compared to men. H2b. Gender serves as a moderator in predicting team performance. H3. Team performance is a function of perceived leadership style, gender, knowledge level, and team cohesiveness of the team members. Method Sample characteristics The sample consisted of 252 graduate students of which 54 percent were males with a mean age of 29 (ranging from23 to 44). All participants were in their last year of anMBA correlate, if not determinant, of performance. In particular, when examining some of the components of cohesion such as interpersonal attraction, task commitment, and group pride all were found to be related to group performance. Although these factors |
