徐濠萦图片,是男人就把她,跨界歌王冠军
1.1 The biography and background 传记和背景
《杀死一只知更鸟》是美国女作家哈珀·李于1960年出版的一部小说。1932年，美国南部大萧条时期，律师阿提库斯·芬奇带着他的两个孩子，在这里过着平凡而幸福的生活。阿提库斯充满了对孩子和这个城市人民的爱，这种爱在每一个细节上都有体现。他总是帮助穷人赢得诉讼，而不是忽视他对邻居的老太太的祝福和赞美。他和他的孩子们生活在和平和平等的环境中，孩子们甚至可以叫他名字。有一次，阿提库斯对他的孩子们说：“我射杀了一只知更鸟，但我感到内疚，因为我认为它没有做错什么，为我们唱歌；它没有骚扰人们。这对我们有好处（李68）。知更鸟成为了他自己生命、自由和平等的象征。
一天，镇上的法官要求他为一个名叫汤姆·罗宾逊的黑人辩护，他被指控攻击和强奸一个年轻的白人妇女。阿提库斯的命运似乎已经开始改变，因为他的命运与这种鸟一样的信仰有关。事实上，他所经历的生活是对模仿鸟练习的渴望。只是这次有些不同，而且要困难得多。他在做一些无法完成的事情。在那个时代，在南方的农村地区，“人民的情感”仍然是白人对黑人根深蒂固的偏见。尽管距离内战结束还有四分之三个世纪，但有必要消除种族歧视，至少使种族平等制度化。还有很长的路要走。这种偏见甚至深深地投射在镇上许多黑人身上。直接的表现是他们没有勇气或没有办法改变自己的命运。他们只能依靠像阿提库斯这样的律师说话。因此，如果阿提库斯想同随之而来的真正的“人民情感”作斗争，他就注定要失败。他接手这个案子时，压力很大。他受到了原告父亲的侮辱和威胁，这是一个种族性酗酒、极度可恨的黑人种族。他的女儿斯科特因为其他孩子的侮辱而和其他人打架；这个小镇充满了流言蜚语，最终演变成了行动。为了防止镇上的人杀死罗宾逊，他不得不在门口过夜。然而，阿提库斯有他自己的规则。他是白人，但他也是一名律师、父亲和平民，每天都与黑人相处。因此，他认为法律可以维护人的尊严，法律赋予他的工作是不可原谅的。因为这个信念，他赢得了许多人的爱。他经常用通俗易懂的语言和行动来履行他的责任。在他看来，一个人的生活与肤色无关。当镇上的传言试图阻止他为黑人罗宾逊辩护时，他继续前进。他解释说：“有很多原因。最重要的原因是如果我不这样做，我就不能在城里抬起头来。."
" To Kill a Mockingbird" is a novel by Harper Lee, an American female writer, published in 1960. In 1932, the southern United States during the Great Depression, Atticus Finch, a lawyer, with his two children, lived an ordinary and happy life here. Atticus is full of love for children and this town’s people, and this love is reflected in every detail. He always helped the poor to win lawsuits, not ignoring his blessings and praises to the neighbor's old lady. He and his children lived in peace and equality, and the children could even call his name. At one time, Atticus told his children: “I shot a mockingbird, but I felt guilty because I thought it did not do anything wrong and sang for us; it did not harass people. It's good for us (Lee 68). " The mockingbird became a symbol of his own life, freedom and equality.
One day, the town’s judge asked him to defend a black man named Tom Robinson, who was accused of assaulting and raping a young white woman. Atticus's fate seems to have begun to change, because his fate is linked to this bird-like belief. In fact, the life he has walked through is the yearning for the practice of mockingbird. Only this time is somewhat different and it is much harder. He is doing something that cannot be accomplished. In that era, in the rural areas of the South, the general "people's sentiments" were still ingrained prejudices against blacks by white people. Although it was three quarters of a century before the end of the Civil War, it was necessary to eliminate racial discrimination and at least institutionalize racial equality. There is still a long way to go. This kind of prejudice is even projected deeply on the many black people in the town. The direct manifestation is that they have no courage or no way to change their destiny. They can only rely on lawyers like Atticus to speak. Therefore, Atticus, with his own strength, is destined to fail if he wants to fight against the true "people's sentiments" that have followed. Huge pressure took place when he took over the case. He was insulted and threatened by the plaintiff's father, a racially inebriated and extremely hateful black race. His daughter, Scott, had fought with others because of the insults of other children; the town was full of gossip and eventually evolved into action. In order to prevent people in the town from killing Robinson, he had to stay at the door overnight. However, Atticus has his own rules. He is white, but he is also a lawyer, a father, and a civilian who gets along with the black people every day. Therefore, he believes that the law can safeguard human dignity and the work entrusted to him by law is inexcusable. Because of this belief, he won the love of many people. He often practices his responsibilities in plain words and actions. In his own opinion, a person’s life has nothing to do with skin color. When the town’s rumors tried to stop him from defending the black Robinson, he continued to move forward. He explained: “There are many reasons. The most important reason is that if I do not do this, I cannot lift my head in the town. ."
在阿提库斯的心中，维护法律、维护正义和查明真相是一回事。他内心深处不相信这三者之间会有冲突。他知道世界上有许多丑陋的东西，离它们远点是不可能的。但他仍然相信，面对真理、正义和法律，这些丑陋是可以克服的。最后，罗宾逊在去监狱的路上因为试图逃跑而被杀，但阿提库斯仍然认为，如果他上诉，他仍然希望赢得这个案子。
In Atticus’s heart, it is one thing to maintain the law, defend justice, and ascertain the truth. Deep down in his heart does not believe that there will be conflicts between the three. He understands that there are many ugly things in the world and it is impossible to stay away from them. But he still believes that these ugliness can be overcome in the face of truth, justice, and the law. In the end, Robinson was killed on his way to prison because he tried to escape, but Atticus still thought that if he appealed, he still hoped to win the case.
1.2 Analysis and Appreciation
The core issue reflected in this book is entrenched racial discrimination in the United States. The issue of racial discrimination in the United States has been long overdue. In 1955, ethnic extremists in Mississippi lynched Emmett Till, a black teenager who was only 14 years old. In the same year, on the bus in Montgomery, Alabama, the black female tailor Rosa Parks was arrested and jailed for refusing to comply with the apartheid policy and refused to make a seat for a white man. The following year, the black residents of Montgomery launched a boycott of the bus campaign for a year. In 1956, Catherine Lucy received an admission notice from the University of Alabama and became the first black student to enter the university in history, but because of her enrollment, the University of Alabama and the tower where the university is located. A few days of riots took place in Tuscaloosa County, forcing the school board to make a decision to exclude Lucy from school. In 1957, in order to protect 9 black students at the Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, from white racial opposition, the government had to mobilize troops to maintain order.
In the middle of the 20th century in the United States, the pace of social progress accelerated with the progress of the industrial revolution, followed by the liberalization of the ideology of the people, the rise of civil rights movements, and the increasing presence of racial issues on the legal agenda. At this time, a novel that can reflect this issue -" To Kill a Mockingbird" followed. The United States has always been known as the "racial melting pot" because of its immigration culture, or the fact that the United States has integrated different ethnic groups. The issue of racial discrimination in the United States has a long history, but it has not attracted attention until the emergence of human rights issues. This is inextricably linked to the respect of the whites in the United States and the self-identity that the British have already precipitated. American society has never lacked "science," such as religion, which is directly or indirectly arguing for racial discrimination. The 19th-century American writer Hermann Melville said that the Anglo-Saxon race is a special God-selected people. God has determined that human expectations and great things come from our race(Schlesinger 15). The geography textbooks of early American schools used to describe black people directly: “They are a barbarian nation with a human face, but they are innocent.” In 1900, a report reflected the mainstream mentality of white people at the time: “Although all sorts of efforts have been made To educate them, many blacks are still extremely ignorant.(Elson 87-89)” Even though Lincoln had already promulgated the “Declaration of Slave Liberation” as early as 1862, the position of blacks in reality did not change much. In the climax of the novel, black people were found guilty without explicit evidence. This is the society’s naked discrimination and criticism of black people. In the society where the legal system was not perfect at that time, blacks were discriminated against. |
