共享经济对交通运输业的潜在影响

1. Introduction介绍

如今，经济发展速度比以前快，创新和技术是商业世界的关键驱动力。他们催生了业务的存在，甚至更多他们创造了一个全新的商业模式，使其他原始业务被扼杀。共享经济是近年来最强大的创新热潮之一。共享经济的概念早在30年前就提出了。然而，直到最近几年，移动互联网的出现为共享经济提供了一个高速经济发展的平台（LAN，et al.，2017）。共享实体经济作为一种新的商业模式，出现在人们的视野中，并逐渐开始改变人们的生活，共享经济的本质是物品使用权的暂时转移。在互联网平台的帮助下，人们可以将多余资源的使用权转让给需要的人。它可以使人们在不购买商品的情况下，能够获得商品的权利。共享经济的出现大大提高了社会闲置资源的利用效率，是一种非常有前途的商业模式。这种商业模式的出现也造就了一批新兴产业和优秀企业。自行车共享是共享经济的新兴产业之一。由于其在中国的出色表现，在中国引起了公众的广泛关注。Mobike是中国最大的自行车共享公司之一。它是一个完全无站自行车共享系统，总部设在中国北京。以世界上最大的自行车租赁共享运营商bicyles的数量来看，2016年12月，上海成为世界上最大的自行车共享城市（Li，et al，2018）。因此，本报告将重点分析共享经济及其对运输业的潜在影响，并以Mobikeas为例。

Nowadays, the economy is developing in the faster speed then before, and innovation and technologyare the key drivers in the commercial world. They surge greaton the business existed, or even morethey create a total new business model that make kill the other original business. Sharing economy is one of most powerful innovation blooms in these years. The concept of Sharing economy was put forward as early as 30 years ago. However, until recent years, the emergence of the mobile Internet provides platform with a high-speed economic development for sharing economy (Lan, et al., 2017). The sharing real economy,as a new business model, appears in the vision of people, and gradually starts to change people's lives.The nature of sharing economy is the temporary transfer of the right to the use of the item. With the help of the Internet platform, people could transfer the right of the use of redundant resources to the people who need it. It could make people, in the case of not buying the goods, be able to get the right of the goods. The emergence of sharing economy has greatly improved the utilization efficiency of social idle resources, which is a very promising business model. The emergence of this business model also creates a number of emerging industries and excellent enterprises. The bicycle sharing is one of the emerging industries of sharing economy. It gets great attentions of public in China due to its great performance in China. The Mobike is one of the biggest bicycle sharing companies in China. It is a fully station-less bicycle-sharing system headquartered in Beijing, China. It is, by the number of bicyles, the world's largest shared (for hire) bicycle operator, and in December 2016, made Shanghai the world's largest bike-sharing city (Li, et al, 2018). Therefore, this report will focus on an analysis of sharing economy and its potential impacts on the transportation sector and take Mobikeas example. 

2. The discussion on the impact of sharing economy on transportation industry 论共享经济对交通运输业的影响

2.1. An overview of the sharing economy 共享经济概述

该报告将分析共享经济的概况，重点分析运输业中的B2C（企业对客户）。共享经济或共享经济有时被称为合作经济或合作消费，对于共享经济的概念，在导言中作了介绍。介绍了共享经济的运行模式。根据共享经济的参与主体，分析了共享经济的运行模式。共享经济由资源提供者、资源需求者和第三方经济共享平台三个参与者组成。其中，资源提供者是拥有闲置资源的个人或组织，希望从临时使用未使用资源给他人带来好处（Puschmann&alt，2016）。资源的需求者是对商品或服务有需求的个人或组织，这些人或组织往往希望尽快满足这些需求。无论是对于需求方还是供应商，第三方平台都更值得信赖，安全性更强，这在互联网时代往往会增长（Hamari，Sj_Klint&Ukkonen，2015）。共享平台发布经济供求信息、审核和协调。资源需求者可以根据自己的需求从平台上最近的资源所有者那里搜索。如果供需双方有效匹配，可以降低交易成本。

The report will analyze theoverview of the sharing economy, focusing on the B2C(Business to Customer) in the transportation sector. Sharing economy or sharing economy is sometimes called cooperative economy or cooperative consumption.For the concept of Sharing economy, it has been introduced in the introduction. The operating mode of sharing economy is introduced. The operating mode of the sharing economy is analyzed according to the participating subjects of the sharing economy. The sharing economy consists of three participants, which are the provider of resources, the demanders of resources, and the third-party economic sharing platform. Among them, the provider of resources is an individual or organization that has idle resources and hopes to benefit from the temporary use of unused resources to others (Puschmann& Alt, 2016). The demander of resources is the individual or organization that has the need for the goods or services, and these people or organizations often want to meet these requirements as soon as possible. Whether for the demander or the provider, the third-party platform is more trusted, and the security is stronger, which tends to grow in the Internet age (Hamari, Sjöklint&Ukkonen, 2015). Thesharing platform releases economic supply and demand information, reviews and coordinates. The resources demanders can search from nearest resource owners on the platform according to their own requirements. If both sides of supply and demand effective matching, it could reduce transaction costs.

The business model changes brought by the sharing economy are mainly reflected in the following two aspects. Third-party platforms replace traditional enterprises as the main providers of resources. This offer is not directly to provide resources.The third-party platform integrates the society any idle resources, thus providing to consumers.The third-party platform itself need not have any resource (Sundararajan, 2016). The nature of enterprise is the transaction cost reducing.The mobile Internet and Sharing economy development makethe enterprise transaction cost gradually reduce and even lower. The employment relationship is no longer so clear, gradually mutual cooperation between individuals, employers and employment. With the aid of the third-party platform, every consumer also plays a role of businessman at the same time. At the same time, they can enjoy a share of the goods and services.

As introduced before, the Mobike would be taken as an example. The macroenvironmental analysis of Mobike would be made with the PEST analysis. First aspect is the policy environment. At present, China has a not very good policy environment for sharing bicycles. Although there are some supporting policies, the problem is more obvious. On the one hand, the national policy attaches great importance to sharing economy and green travel, which reflects the support attitude towards sharing economy and sharing bicycles. On the other hand, the policy of local policy on the sharing of economic development is dominated by norms and constraints, and there are fewer policies to encourage development. In addition, the legal status and responsibilities of platform enterprises are not clearly defined (Cohen, &Kietzmann, 2014). There are no clear rules on the nature of the platform, industry classification, new labor relations, practitioners and platform tax collection.For the economy. in the important period of China's economic structure transformation, sharing economy because of its important role will become an important part of the national development strategy. Thebicycle sharing as one of the new forms of Shared economy would also benefit from it. Therefore, although China's overall economic environment is general, it is a good development period for the sharing of bicycles.

For the social aspect, China is in an era of Sharing economy, and the government is promoting green travel and national fitness. Bicycle sharing has the character to meet the demand of green travel and people's fitness needs, which is easily accepted by people. The Sharing economic environment has changed people's sense of consumption (Zervas, Proserpio& Byers, 2013). The Sharing economy is fascinating because it is believed to solve the problem of resource waste and to break down barriers to resource flows. Sharing economic platform such as Uber is convenientfor life and work. The success makes people to realize the sharing of economic strength. It can be said that the successful practice of early sharing economy has greatly changed people's consumption pattern and paved the way for the sharing of bicycles (Tedjasaputra& Sari, 2016). In such an environment, sharing bikes as a new sharing economy can be quickly accepted. People's environmental protection and health awareness are rising. Traffic congestion and the last one kilometer become the common fault of the big cities, people urgently need a new way to travel to solve these two problems, and Shared bicycle to become the best way to solve these two problems.