紫石中学,林宏胤,3u8886
| 如今越来越多的国家都在使用武器，但是天下却变得越来越不安定。在去年的时候除了一些西方国家之外，其它地区的军事费用都在上升。值得我们注意的就是俄罗斯的军费占到国民生产总值的百分之四点一，这个比率远远超过了美国（美国的军事费用在去年同期的比率为百分之三点八）。沙特阿拉伯预计是将国民生产总值中的百分之九点三用于军事方面，这个比率也超过了日本，法国以及英国，居于各国之首。本周斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究公布的军事费用年度预算报告是令人半喜半忧的。二零一三年全球的军事费用是连续下降，主要是由于美国从阿富汗撤兵，从而减少了军事费用的开支，此时的美国军事费用的比率为百分之三十七。但是其它国家把大部分的费用开支都用在了军费上。 THE world is getting more weapons, but not necessarily more safe. Military spending increased last year in every region except the West. Strikingly, Russia spent more than America relative to the size of its economy for the first time in a decade (4.1% versus 3.8% of GDP, respectively). Saudi Arabia spent 9.3% of its GDP, the highest proportion of the world's biggest spending countries, having squeezed past Japan, France and Britain. The annual spending estimates released this week by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute present a mixed picture. Global outlays in 2013 declined for the second year running—but chiefly due to America, which accounts for 37% of the total, as it draws its troops out of Afghanistan. However others are splurging. Over the past decade more than 20 countries—including China, Saudi Arabia and Russia—have more than doubled their spending. Since 2004 China's military spending has outstripped its GDP growth. With tensions growing in Ukraine, budgets in the West might start to increase too. The Jane's defence industry "in 2007 reported December issue of European countries fiscal 2007 military spending.Is Italy from the point of growth ratio, increased the most, but is barely enough to fill the 2005 fiscal year and the 2006 fiscal year budget contraction caused by the hole;From the point of growth amount, the largest growth is in Britain, the main reason is to pay for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the cost of the existing weapon equipment project.This suggests that, if the military company wants to seek new development opportunities, should pay more attention to countries such as India, Saudi Arabia and South Korea.Given the domestic defence industry large-scale structure adjustment and reform nearly two years, Russia's 2007 fiscal year budget gains. Special geopolitical strategic position and the contradiction and conflict with Pakistan that India's defence budget in recent 10 years has maintained a rapid growth, increased by 10.9% per year on average since 1997, is expected in the next few years will continue to maintain the growth rate, to $33.3 billion by 2010.Among them, about a third will be used in advanced weapon system upgrade project procurement and weapons and equipment.India's military spending to keep sustained and rapid growth, but at the same time in the percentage of GDP has fallen, this is mainly attributed to the high speed development of the Indian economy. Saudi Arabia in fiscal year 2007 defense spending of $33 billion, ranked first in the Middle East.Saudi Arabia, 80% of government revenue from oil revenues, so the change of the military spending is varies with the change of oil revenues.Since 2003, oil prices have been high, so Saudi Arabia's military spending is also entered a rapid growth, from $2003 in 19 billion to $2006 in 29 billion, to rise as high as 50%, but the percentage in GDP is reduced.According to a 2006 of South Korea's parliament to pass "the defence reform act of 2020," the next 13 years, South Korea's military spending will maintain rapid growth.At present, the south Korean defense industrial base is very broad, but still lack advanced technology ability.Therefore, South Korea's investment in the project to ensure that the weapons and equipment import local participation and technology transfer. Institute report said that because of the influence of the economic crisis, the Russian military appear sharply reduced in 1998, 55%.Since 1992, the Russian military spending has declined about 30% a year on average.Report also said that in Africa and the americas (including north and South America) and slash military spending, cut of 25% and 25% respectively. Material according to the london-based international institute for strategic studies, NATO's military spending has decreased significantly.In the early 80 s, NATO's European countries used in defence spending accounted for 3.6% of gross domestic product (GDP), while only 2.2% in 1998, defence spending over the same period the United States also fell to 3.2% from 5.4% of gross domestic product. In fact, the U.S. economy can continue to more than 90 month of growth, but also balance the budget, eliminate the deficit, one often is not for people to connect with factor is greatly reduced the military, has also been referred to as the "peace dividend".Since October 1998 defense spending for the 1999 fiscal year to $252.6 billion, accounting for 14.6% of the total budget of $1.7 trillion, and before the year 1991, accounted for over 25% of the budget, military spending every year in 1989 was 27% higher.If now keep a decade ago levels, military spending at least more than 80%.From the army, the total force is from 2.1 million to 1.4 million;The army from 18 division to 10 division; Naval ships from 546 to 357;Overseas garrison decreased.Defense spending in the United States, the first is pay for officers and soldiers, to improve the army's treatment;Military research and development of new weapons and accounts for a large proportion, and is used for military procurement of only $1998 in 44 billion, is the lowest in ten years, could reach $50 billion this year, increased, but also far from 10 years ago. However, not all the country's military spending is reduced.In Asia, due to the conflict between India and Pakistan, Sri Lanka's civil war, as well as in other parts of the friction, the military has been increasing.In the past 10 years, military essence of Asian countries increased by 27%.Also did not decrease, in the Middle East since the gulf war in 1991, has maintained the same level. It is important to note that lower global military momentum seems to have been suppressed.Earlier this year, US President Bill Clinton put forward in the next five years to increase military spending $112, 000 million, an increase of $22 billion a year on average (still needs congressional debate after approval to implement). This is at the American bombing of Yugoslavia before, visible military is added to the long term strategic deployment.Japan's defense spending in 1998, a slight reduction in appeared for the first time since 1995 (also has relations with the financial crisis causes the austerity), but the Japanese government decided to spend billions of dollars in the next few years, with the joint development of theater missile defense system, has greatly upset neighbouring countries.But in total, these also become a what kind of climate.The United States in the first quarter of this year's gross domestic product of $8.8 trillion (at an annual rate), even more than two hundred military rise only per thousand 23, don't panic. News on July 18 news: according to the Russian "downtown" website reported on July 16, the international analysis group ICD Research recently released a new report predicts that China's defense budget for 2012 could exceed $170 billion, to 2015 May be more than the sum of military expenditure, other countries in the asia-pacific region in 2017 might be expected to double. ICD international analysis group Research, analysts say, since 2011, the level of China's military spending increased to $104.62 billion, a 11.5% increase.If such growth can keep stable in the future, to ensure that China's military budget for 2017 spending levels of at least $174.9 billion.China is now ahead of the other countries in Asia in terms of military budget scale.According to the forecast, the next five years China for military research and development, the current weapon equipment improvement and the army's total costs of daily spending will reach $722.5 billion.To curb the influence of the United States in the region, improve the relations between mainland and Taiwan, will be the future focus direction of the development of the Chinese army.For China's priority will be imported in military technology, increasingly reduce the purchase of weapons and equipment product. Russian media said, after Chinese officials announced that China's military budget this year will increase to 670.72 billion yuan, or about $106.4 billion, $100 billion for the first time.Of ihs global insight, the company in February this year, according to the predicted future China's military modernization construction spending will increase sharply, from 2011 to 2015 military demand could grow to $238.2 billion, nearly double.At that time, China's military spending will be greater than the sum of other countries in Asia military. European military greatly narrowed two factors, the market demand, shortage of positions.Perish because of the Soviet union, the Warsaw pact, the comedy end of the cold war, Europe is no longer the main battlefield of supremacy in the east and west, with the United States military cohabitation of the world's top Soviet Russia, defense spending fell to Britain, France, Germany and China, Japan.While the western powers by the financial crisis, military. RuRiFangZhong in Asia's economic development, has always been impoverished China and India has become the world's superpower arms, the other two, third grade troops have also choose and buy new weapons and equipment, Vietnam had recently rise? As Russia's third army and purchasing power;What do tigers, four tigers made a fortune to buy insurance.With peace in Europe, by contrast, the us strategic shift, fighting in Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran and Syria wat cloud;Especially enamored of north Korea's nuclear blackmail hysterically, from threatened to turn Seoul into a sea of fire, announced to the nuclear blast to the americas, has five elite weapon system gathered in northeast Asia.Visible military beyond Asia Europe was the inevitable trend of historical development. Washington think-tank CSIS10 15, according to the latest research report also published in major Asian countries and regions over the past decade surge in defense spending, military spending in Asia is mainly due to China's increased military spending to stimulate;The CSIS report said that China and four other countries and regions in Asia military spending over the past decade has been doubled.In 2011, China, India, South Korea and China Taiwan region overall military spending for 224 billion dollars, this is almost equivalent to double in 2000.I think that does not mean China's ballooning military cause an arms race in the asia-pacific region.The report says nearly a decade of Taiwan military spending increased from 8 billion to 10 billion dollars, what is this arms race?The middle of 1980 s Taiwan military spending $11 billion peak, at the same time the annual spending only $4.5 billion of the PLA.We see history from a quarter of a century long, won't produce arms race across the Taiwan straits. |
