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Summary在本科生和研究生的写作作业中非常普遍，在许多课程中，教授和指导老师会要求我们在完成一些文章阅读后进行文章总结。通过Summary(总结)，教授能够了解到我们是否有认真阅读并真正理解了文章内容。
写Summary的准备工作：
Summary的注意事项：
Example: "Bypass Cure" by James Johnson records a recent discovery by researchers that people who have bypass surgery for weight control are also instantly cured of diabetes. Since rising diabetic rates and obesity has become a worldwide concern, the article provides a startling but controversial potential solution. Now that we have identified the main idea of the article, we can move onto the next step. 2. 找出主要论点 Identify Important Arguments At this point in the preparation process, you should read the article again. This time, read more carefully. Look specifically for the supporting arguments. Some tips on how to identify the important arguments of an article are listed below. How to Identify Important Arguments in an Article
3. 进行写作 Write Your Summary Your summary should start with the author’s name and the title of the work. Here are several ways to do this correctly: Introduction Sentence Examples for an Article Summary In "Cats Don't Dance," John Wood explains ... John Wood, in "Cats Don't Dance," explains ... According to John Wood in "Cats Don't Dance" ... As John Wood vividly elucidates in his ironic story "Cats Don't Dance" ... John Wood claims in his ironic story "Cats Don't Dance" that ... Combine the thesis of the article with the title and author into your first sentence of the summary. Reference the following sentence as an example. In "Cats Don't Dance," John Wood explains that in spite of the fact that cats are popular pets who seem to like us, felines are not really good at any activities that require cooperation with someone else, whether that is dancing or sharing. If possible, your first sentence should summarize the article. The rest of your summary should cover some of the central concepts used to support the thesis. Be sure to restate these ideas in your own words, and to make your summary as short and concise as possible. Condense sentences and leave out unimportant details and examples. Stick to the important points. 如何引用 How to Quote the Author of an Article When you refer to the author for the first time, you always use their full name. When you refer to the author after that, you always use their last name. The following examples show how to use the author's name in an article summary after you have already introduced them. Johnson comments ... According to Wood's perspective ... As Jones implies in the story about ... Toller criticizes... In conclusion, Kessler elaborates about ... You don't need to use an author's title (Dr., Professor, or Mr. and Mrs.), but it does help to add their credentials to show they are an authoritative source. The sentences below show ways to do this. In "Global Warming isn't Real," Steven Collins, a professor at the University of Michigan, claims that ... New York Times critic Johann Bachman argues in "Global Warming is the Next Best Thing for the Earth" that ... If you are discussing the ideas of the author, you always need to make it clear that you are reciting their ideas, not your own. How to Introduce the Ideas of the Author in an Article Summary
In writing your summary, you need to clearly state the name of the author and the name of the article, essay, book, or other source. The sentence below is a great example of how to do this. According to Mary Johnson in her essay, "Cats Make Good Pets," the feline domestic companion is far superior to the canine one. You also need to continue to make it clear to the reader when you are talking about the author's ideas. To do this, use "author tags," which are either the last name of the author or a pronoun (he or she) to show you are still discussing that person's ideas. Also, try to make use of different verbs and adverbs. Your choice of author tag verbs and adverbs can contribute to the way you analyze the article. Certain words will create a specific tone. See the tables for a selection of different word choices. 如何选动词 |
