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| 摘 要：中式英语是中国的英语学习者在特有的环境下形成的一种畸形的语言现象，也可以称为具有汉语特色的英语。它的产生有一定的必然性，也给广大的中国人学习英语造成诸多不便。它是中国人在学习英语、使用英语时的必经阶段，有自身的内在性和规律。本文试图通过对中式英语形成的原因，包括母语影响、思维定势、对原文的误解等原因作出浅显的分析，同时提出一些可行的回避策略和方法，包括了解差异、改变思维方式、创建语言环境等，供学习者参考及借鉴。在这篇论文中将着重介绍英语学习中汉语式英语产生的原因，并提出一些避免汉语式英语的建议。当汉语式英语得到有效避免的时候，不但英语写作水平会随之提升，而且英语教学和英语学习的质量和效率都会得到提高。 Abstract: Chinglish is a kind of deformed language phenomenon formed by the Chinese English learners in the unique environment, and it can also be known as the English with Chinese characteristics. Its emergence must have certain inevitability and it has caused a lot of inconvenience to the English learning of the majority of Chinese people. It is an essential phase for Chinese people to learn and use English, and it has its own internality and law. This paper tries to make a simple analysis of the reasons for Chinglish, including the influences of mother language, thinking set and the misunderstanding of the original text and other reasons, and at the meantime, put forward some feasible avoidance strategies and methods for learners to refer to and draw lessons from, including understanding the differences, changing the way of thinking and creating a language environment and so on. In this paper, it will focus on introducing the reasons for the Chinglish of English learners and putting forward some suggestions to avoid Chinglish. When Chinglish is effectively avoided, not only the English writing level will be improved accordingly, but the quality and efficiency of English teaching and English learning will both be improved. 关键词：中式英语，原因，对策, 文化, 母语, Key words: Chinglish, reasons, countermeasure, culture, mother language， Outline Introduction 1 What is Chinglish 1. 1 Definitions of Chinglish 1. 2 History of Chinglish 1. 3 Status in quo of Chinglish 1. 4 Chinglish and China English 2 Forms of Chinglish 2. 1 Pronunciation 2. 2 Vocabulary 2.2.1 Chinglish names 2.2.2 Lexical deficiency 2. 3 Overextension of analogy 2. 4 Grammar 3 Reasons for Chinglish 3.1.1 Way of thinking 3.1.2 Word usage 3.1.3 Different culture 3. 2 Mother language interference 3.2.1 Language transfer 3.2.2 Language comparison 3. 3 Impersonal causes 4. Countermeasures for Chinglish 4. 1 Substitution 4. 2 Subject 4. 3 Subordination Conclusion Notes Bibliography Analysis of how to root out Chinglish Introduction As society develops, English has become a necessary tool in today’s competitive world. Therefore, more and more people are engaged in English learning. However, with an impressive command of English vocabulary and good mastery of grammar as well as phonetics, which, to some extent, are even beyond the native speakers’ capacity, they are confronted with quite a few problems when they are talking with native speakers or writing in English. They usually make the foreigners confused by their speech or writing. No matter how they rephrase or paraphrase, the native speakers’ action will remain the same—they either shrug or shake their heads. Finally both of them have to end embarrassingly. What had happened to the Chinese speakers? Why the language they use sounds alien to the foreigners? To retrace the cause, I find that most of the Chinese learners’ mistakes are not made due to their lack of grammar or vocabulary knowledge but a “new” language they use—Chinglish, an excrescence of Standard English. Chinglish refers to the irregular language form created by English language learners in China due to the influence of mother tongue and culture [1]. We can sense that Chinglish is everywhere, and has an absolute negative influence on cross-cultural communication. What’s worse, Chinglish will never disappear by itself. Chinglish, a hybrid English form with Chinese characteristics, deteriorates translation in its accuracy and expressiveness. As an interlanguage and with its own features, Chinglish is objective and unavoidable for Chinese learners of English in certain period [2]. By contrastive analysis, we can conclude that thought pattern discrepancies and mother tongue interference are the basic reasons of Chinglish, and we can see the forms of Chinglish clearly. Since Chinglish seriously affects the translation quality, we must reduce or avoid it as much as possible. Therefore, both teachers and students should be well aware of this irregular language and try hard to correct it as much as possible so that they can speak and write in an English way. In order to make the English learners become more efficient in conveying their points of view both in speech and writing without being affected by Chinglish, I write this thesis tries to probe into its cause, mistakes of various levels and finally, I will come up with some possible suggestions. 1 What is Chinglish Chinglish is a common phenomenon that exists in Chinese-English translation. The major cause of Chinglish is the differences between the Chinese and English languages. Though English is being popularized in China, not many people are really proficient in it, and that is why Chinglish becomes a serious problem that hampers intercultural communication. 1. 1 Definitions of Chinglish Chinglish is a portmanteau of the words Chinese and English and refers to spoken or written English which is influenced by Chinese. There are an estimated 300 to 500 million learners in china. Somebody explained that Chinglish refers to the irregular language form created by English language learners in China due to the influence of mother tongue and culture. It has the character of China and also is called Malformation of English.[3] This is a kind of prevalent phenomenon appeared in English learning. Although it is temporary, it also is inevitable. With English becoming more and more popular in China, more and more linguistic expressions arise. In the early of mid-20th century, Chinglish is known as “pidgin” English. 1. 2 History of Chinglish English first arrived in China in the 1630s, when British traders arrived in South China. Chinese Pidgin English was spoken first in the areas of Macao and Guangzhou, later spreading north to Shanghai by the 1830s.[4] "Yangjing Bang English" in Chinese derives from the name of a former creek in Shanghai near the Bund where local workers communicated with English-speaking foreigners in pidgin. Chinese Pidgin English began to decline in the late 19th century as standard English began to be taught in the country's education system. English language teaching has been widespread throughout modern Chinese history, it was became the country's main foreign language in 1982.[5] 1. 3 Status in quo of Chinglish I believed every Chinese have not forgotten the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Beijing, in preparation for the 2008 Olympics, the city authorities clamped down on the usage of Chinglish and replaced it with Standard English. But in fact not everyone can speak Standard English, some people say Chinglish let foreigner can not understand very well all the same. This is the first time we communicate with foreigner without distance, at the same time; it makes opportunity for checking our English. However, we can see Chinglish in every place, for example, in public place, hotel, travel industry sites, museum and so on. We can also say where there is road, where there is Chnglish. In the Beijing International Airport, we can see a sign in emergency export “No entry on peacetime”. We translate it into Chinese, that is “和平时期不能入内”。In fact it means that we can not enter it usually. Peacetime and usual time are two different concept, if we meet some stubborn foreigner, they will think that means they can enter there when war occurred. What is more, the striking sign in a bookshop in Beijing “welcome again’’ That is to say you can get an opportunity to welcome, but now we give you another opportunity to welcome you again. But in fact, they want to say that you are welcome to come back again. When we walk in the street, we can see so many signs at which we don’t know whether we should laugh or cry. For example,“欢迎你到” Chinese say “welcome you to …..”, but foreigner say “welcome to….” “.非常喜欢”，we say “very like…”, but foreigner say “like…….very much”. “永远记住你”，we say “remember you forever”, but foreigner say “always remember you”. Because no one can live forever.“车门”, we say “the door of the car”, but the foreigner say “the car’s door”. Like these examples we can see many in our life.[6] |
