nichkhun 允儿,dnf娜塔莉娅在哪里,黄骅论坛
But it is a shame that we can see Chinglish in our life all the same. Chinglish is very common in Chinese students’ English learning, English writing, and translation and so on. Because the Chinese students are so familiar with their study habit of writing in Chinese practice that they often put it into practice in English writing. This is a big obstacle for Chinese students to learn English well. When Chinese students who lack in a real English environment learn English, they easily tend to ignore the differences between the two languages. We see an example, some students write a sentence, “Under the help of his teacher, he made great progress”. Most Chinese think that is right, very smooth. However, we should say it like this “With the help of his teacher, he made great progress”. This is according with English expression. As another example, when something is explained, the English learner may respond with “Oh, I know”, while the appropriate response would be “Oh, I see”. This is because “知道 zhidao” is usually translated as “know” regardless of context. 1. 4 Chinglish and China English China English is a kind of acceptable English, but it has the character of Chinese culture and in consistence with international English. We know China English is not a kind of transition English while we begin to learn English. It is stabile about its theory and syntax. When the culture of the society is developing, China English is developing also. People begin to accept these developing China English in order to serve for communicating with foreigner. China English is a kind of Chinese flavored English, always used for expressing the Chinese special things, such as Open-door policy, Socialism with Chinese characteristics, Market-oriented economy and so on.[7] However, Chinglish, that is Chinese English, is a derogatory term. It is not accord with English usage. There is difference between China English and Chinglish whereas there is similar point between them. They both express the Chinese special things, have Chinese character. But China English have been accepted by people, it becomes wider in using and formation than Chinglish. It is helpful for Chinese culture to enter foreign countries. 2 Forms of Chinglish Since the 1990s, some nondescript English words appeared in china, which may be considered as Chinglish. For example, ML (make love), PK (player kill), WC (water closet). What is more, we can see Chinglish in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and overextension of analogy. 2. 1 Pronunciation Some words are often exchanged or mixed for the same words. This is because the two words have the same pronunciation, such as "temple" and "temper". Sometimes, an English word pronunciation was not correct and it may become Chinglish, for example, English name, such as Allen, Ellen, Aileen, and Shirley, Shelly, Cherry.[8] 2. 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary is the base of language learning. At the same time, Chinglish appeared Due to most people have not varies of English expressions and idioms, a lot of Chinglish appeared in English study. It is difficult to understand for foreigner. 2.2.1 Chinglish names Some Chinese pick non-traditional English names. Such names may be derived from vocabulary they learned in their early English lessons, including names such as Apple, Space, Can, Sea, Moon cake, Magic, Koala, Spider, Thunder, Cloudy, Airy, Rainbow, Table, Bird, Eleven, Hive, Ice, Puppy, Well and other names of animals, plants, weather phenomena, household appliances, and days of the week or months. They might choose products they like as their name, such as Cola or Nautical, or other more advanced words that may be picked for their sound or meaning such as Victory, Nation or even Cemetery and Satan. Often names have a wrong spelling such as Windy as opposed to Wendy and Sherry instead of Cherry. 2.2.2 Lexical deficiency It seems easy to find out that Chinglish often appears in the form of lexical redundancy, which arises when students fail to understand the exact meaning and usage of an English word. [9]Such as: (1) 书桌（课桌） Chinglish: a book desk (a writing desk) Correct: a desk (2) 舞会 Chinglish: a dance party Correct: a dance Misunderstanding meaning and usage of a word brings about a kind of unbearable Chinglish. Take a look at the following sentences: (1)我每天都用英语写日记。 Chinglish: I write a diary in English everyday. Correct: I keep a diary in English everyday. (2)大雨过后，河流上涨。 Chinglish: The river rose after big rains. Correct: The river rose after heavy rains. (3)这个城市人口很多 Chinglish: The population of city is very many. Correct: The population of city is very large. 2. 3 Overextension of analogy When one of the sound, spelling, meaning, syntax of English as same as mother language, learner always make mistakes. For example, xiang想，this word often made us confused. Because “xiang” has a lot of specific meaning, such as, “思考,打算,梦想……”Some people think it simply and overextend the meaning of the word. Then say “I think to be an understanding musician.” In fact, we should translate it like this “I want to be an understanding musician.” 2. 4 Grammar Chinglish also was caused by the grammar. Examples include: (1) using "me is" instead of "I am" (such as "Me is Jack") (2) using awkward gerunds (such as "No Noising") (3) excessive use of "the" when not needed (such as "The China is bigger than the France", "The France is bigger than the Switzerland") (4) excessive use of "to", the use of "to" with modals, preserving "to" in infinitive f orm even when unnecessary (e.g. "I must to go") (5) confusion of -ed and -ing adjectives (e.g. "I am very boring" vs. "I am very bored"; "I was surprising" vs. "I was surprised") The above examples reflect the influence of Chinese syntax and grammar; in Chinese, verbs are not conjugated (either for tense or pronoun), and there is no equivalent word for "the." So we should pay more attention to the difference between Chinese and English. 3 Reasons for Chinglish In order to know Chinglish better, we should investigate the reasons for Chinglish. We know Chinglish is harmful to our English learning, so realize that reasons for Chinglish are helpful. 3. 1 Foreign culture Because people can not know the background of foreign culture very well when they use English, they often use it according to Chinese usage. That is always Chinglish. Language is close to culture. Language is a part of culture, and plays a vital role in culture. So some socialists think that language is keystone of culture. No language, no culture. From another side, language is affected by culture and reflectes culture. Broadly speaking, language is the symbol of nation, not only containing the history background of a nation, but also manifesting the nation’s outlook on life, way of thinking and way of life Foreign language learning requires us not only a mastering of sound, vocabulary, grammar, but also knowledge of social culture, way of thinking, way of life and so on. We should acquire “the language of their mind”. If not, chinglish were produced. 3.1.1 Way of thinking The difference between English and Chinese thinking is the basic reason for Chinglish. Language and thinking are the key factor for people communication. There is close connection between them. Language is the carrier of thinking, it reflects the way of human thinking, psychological characteristics and national culture. Thinking is the soul of language, leading and controlling the use of language. Chinese incline to pursue literary talent and use many flowery words. However, English tend to use simple sentence to express their thinking. They always think that there are redundant words in sentence, not repeated lines in picture, not redundant accessory in machine. For example, we need translate a Chinese sentence, “为了推动中英关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解英国，英国也需要进一步了解中国.” We can translate like these. A: To promote the development of Sino-U.K relations, China needs to know the U.K also needs to know China better. B: To promote Sino-U.K relations, China needs to know the U.K better and vice versa. At sight the two sentences, we know A may be OK from Chinese and English grammar, but this complex sentence was affected by Chinese thinking. Let us look at B, you will find B can contain the Chinese meaning and delete the redundant words making the sentence according with English usage. Another example, when we depict scenery, Chinese will use many modifiers, but English student will use few modifiers. If a Chinese sentence is given, “两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，芳草萋萋”…… Let us look at the sentence. Trees, flowers and grass, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. |
