潍坊公交,张空谷,赵天韶
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But the digital divide does not have a one size fits all universally applicable solution to its inclusion and exclusion dilemma and issue. Malecki (2003, p1) states that in the USA there is no one size fits all solution to the digital divide, and that "...In the end, telecommunications is not a 'quick fix' solution for rural development, and the desired developments will be incomplete, imperfect, partial, inadequate and restricted and narrow to a tiny proportion of rural regions and areas..." . Schwanen T, Dijst M, & Kwan M (2006, P4) "...Each in their own way, the papers in this special issue show that geographical contexts are inseparably associated with the choice to use the Internet for the spatial organization of households' everyday life and retailers' contact with clients, and that the links between virtual and socio-physical spaces are numerous and difficult. As such, they thereby complement and extend prior work on the interaction between ICTs, mobility, and urban spaces. We can only hope that the work brought together here stimulates further inquiry into these quickly developing associations and dealings..." "It is by now well established that the Internet and other relatively recent information and communication technologies (ICTs) are fundamentally altering the spatial and temporal organization of the activities of households, firms, and other actors in cities. Views on the nature of ICT-induced changes have, however, become more qualified. At least among geographers, technologically deterministic, utopian, or dystopian visions on how urban structure and mobility may be affected by ICT have become outdated. Instead, the reciprocity of the links between telecommunications, offline activity, and urban spaces as well as their temporal and spatial complexity are being emphasized (e.g., Graham and Marvin, 1996; Aoyama and Sheppard, 2003)." (2006,p1). Zook et al (2004, p174) "...Yet, at the same time as the digital geographies give us new means to watch and represent society, they will also confront existing notions of isolation and seclusion and make the object of study that much more uneven, active, and disorganised and disordered. The challenge will be to be thankful for and be grateful for and use the difficulty and intricacy and affluence of the new digital geographies without melting into pandemonium or commotion or crystallizing into demanding and controlling structures." Instead of lamenting and despairing over the inequality of exclusion and inclusion on socio-technological grounds, Zook et al (2004, p174) argues for freedoms being a force for good and so strict organisation and management is not the answer necessarily. Eubanks (2011, p153) states that instead of a reduction in difference and discrimination by the expected and anticipated universalising qualities and features of the internet there continues to be active inclusion and exclusion at work. Koulopoulos and Roloff (2006) suggest that the internet in fact provides new ways to feel included or excluded from society in socio-technical terms but that we all still have common factors of social, political, cultural and economic factors contextually that remain to unite us, in our commonly shared circumstances and situations that cannot change despite science and technology (such as gender and race and ethnicity). Turner (2006, p1) in fact traces the history of the growth and development of the internet and the states the great tremendous hopes and expectations and desires and wants, wishes and dreams placed on it initially and how it had a lot of expectations and anticipations to fulfil from the very beginning of the concept of the internet and so exclusion and inclusion was bound to occur due to these aims and objectives perhaps being set too high and unrealistically. In conclusion, in the broadest and widest possible sense, the digital economy is only going to heighten and increase people's exclusion or inclusion in the future and make it even more easy to see who has the goods and possessions and who has not especially and particularly when keeping up to date is ever more important to society as a whole with the latest fashions and trends. Inclusion leads to feelings of worth and purpose and value to society and to a community at international and/or national levels, and a deeper sense of belonging and comfort and warmth of the safety and security of that feeling of contentment and self-worth and welcoming. However, exclusion leads to disorder and disharmony, feelings of deeper rejection and distinction in a bad way, and a deep sense of non-conformity and loneliness and isolation and seclusion as being an outsider, and in some cases this can lead to breaking the law in a need to be recognised and valued, and can also lead to mental instability and wellbeing issues of deep paranoia and insecurity, and in some extreme cases depression, and also anger and frustration that can boil and pent up over many years to destructive levels, and also perhaps over use of drugs, alcohol and cigarettes as coping mechanisms. |
