随州seo,传奇花垣新闻网,奇迹物语攻略
Abstract 摘要
通过对两位教育家儿童观的梳理和比较，发现两位教育家的儿童观是不够的，但具有时代意义。从时代的角度看，他们的思想必然有一定的局限性。弗罗贝尔和蒙台梭利的孩子们的观点对今天的教育仍然具有重要意义。时至今日，我国许多教育机构都吸收了蒙台梭利教育的理念，建立了蒙台梭利儿童教育机构。贝尔与蒙台梭利思考与活动，幼儿园教学在教师的指导下与博弈中的矛盾，在现代教育中存在着争议，这两大问题仍然值得思考。
Through the carding and comparison of the view of the children of the two educators, It find that the two educationalists' concept of children is not enough, but it has the significance of The Times. From the perspective of The Times, their thoughts inevitably have certain limitations. The view of the children of Froebel and Montessori is still significant for today's education. To this day, many education institutions in our country have absorbed the idea of Montessori education, and established the education institution of Montessori children. Ferro bell and Montessori thought about and activities, kindergarten teaching under the guidance of teachers and the contradiction betIten the game, in the modern education there is a dispute, the two big problems still worth thinking about.
Introduction 介绍
最新一期《幼儿园教育指导意见（试行）》鼓励幼儿园根据当地特点选择和设计课程，相当一部分幼儿园没有自主设计课程的能力，这是一种盲目模仿，刻意模仿。新现象。尤其是面对快速的国外教育模式，在相当多的幼儿园和教师没有真正了解新课程的意义的情况下，用少量的新课程盲目抄袭，从而在模式中迷失了新课程的本土化。蒙台梭利教育模式在世界学前教育体系中的重要地位，并日益受到重视，我国学前教育界如何借鉴蒙台梭利教育模式，如何使蒙台梭利教育模式的中国化成为教育界关注的焦点。ERTS和学者和从业者（Patton，2014，第250页）。
The latest issue of the kindergarten education guidelines (try out) "to encourage kindergartens to choose and design course based on the characteristics of local, hoItver, quite a number of kindergarten did not have the ability to independent design course, this is a blind imitation, deliberately seek new phenomenon. Especially in the face of rapidly foreign education mode, in quite a number of kindergarten and teachers did not really understand the meaning of the new curriculum, cases, with a smattering of new curriculum blindly copying, thus lost in the model without the localization of the new curriculum. Montessori education mode in the world the important position of preschool education system, and has been increasingly, preschool education circles in China know how to draw lessons from Montessori education mode and how to make the sinicization of Montessori education mode becomes the focus of experts and scholars and practitioners (PATTON,2014, P250).
“儿童观是儿童哲学层面上的一般观和基本观”，不同的生活背景和经历在弗罗贝尔和蒙台梭利的不同方面创造了不同的儿童观。他有一个非常悲伤的童年。他出生在牧师家，父亲忙于工作，母亲在他不到一岁时去世，继母虐待他。他性格内向，叛逆，渴望温暖和爱。蒙台梭利是一个天主教家庭的孩子，从小就有开朗的性格。在她上学的过程中，她的父母切断了她的经济来源，因为她破坏了家庭安排。霍伊特，她仍然努力完成学业，从而创造了她坚强的个性。不幸的是，生活并没有把他们变成恶魔。他们渴望得到关注和爱，转而关心儿童和儿童。贝尔在我叔叔的帮助下，到了哥伦比亚大学丁根分校的教区学校进行矿物学研究，他发现了矿物结晶的规律性，受到启发，认为人应该与自然发展规律性的东西是由内而外的，相信遗传因素是决定人的水平的主要因素。在担任瑞士院长期间，他对实践中的儿童有了新的认识，并相信他的母亲在儿童的发展中具有不可替代的作用。蒙台梭利参与了低能量儿童的研究，因此与教育有关。”儿童智力残疾的主要问题是教育问题，而不是医疗问题，”她说。随着低能儿童研究的深入，她开始思考这一领域的正常儿童教育，并对正常儿童的发展提出了一些看法，她认为“儿童的生活是由生物遗传决定的”。法律“环境是第二个促进或抑制作用的环境”（Deluca&Hughes，2014，p96）。由此可见，孩子们对二者的看法是基于他们早期的生活经历和当时的社会环境。在一个相似而不同的生活经历中，两位教育工作者对儿童形成了相似而不同的观点，如儿童心理发展的动态观和儿童发展阶段。
"The concept of children is the general view and basic view of children on a philosophical level." The different backgrounds and experiences of life have created different views of children in the different aspects of Froebel and Montessori. He had a very sad childhood. He was born in a pastor's family, his father was busy with work, his mother died when he was less than a year old, and his stepmother abused him. He was introverted and rebellious, and longed for warmth and love. Montessori is a child of Catholic family and has a cheerful disposition since childhood. In the course of her schooling, her parents cut off her financial resources because she broke the family arrangement. HoItver, she still managed to complete her studies with her own efforts, thus creating her strong personality. Unfortunately, life doesn't turn them into demons. They crave attention and love, and turn to caring for children and children. Ferro bell, with the help of my uncle to the parish school at the university of Columbia dingen mineralogy study, he found the regularity of mineral crystallization, inspired by, and that man should be development regularity with nature thing is from the inside out, believe that genetic factors are the main factors to determine the level of people. During his tenure as dean in Switzerland, he developed a new understanding of children in practice and believed that his mother had an irreplaceable role in the development of children. Montessori was involved in the study of low-energy children, and therefore was associated with education. "The main problem with children's intellectual disability is the education problem, not the medical problem," she said. With the deepening of the research of low-energy children, she began to think about the education in normal children in this area, and puts forward some views on the development of normal children, she believes that "the child's life is developed according to the determination of biological genetic laws" environment is the second, to promote or inhibit role (DeLuca & Hughes, 2014, P96). It can see that the children's views of the two are based on their early life experiences and the social environment at that time. In a similar and different life experience, two educators have developed a similar and different view of children, such as the dynamic view of children's psychological development and the stage of child development.
Froebel and Montessori
Montessori has a systematic exposition of education, education philosophy and children's view and education view. As for the purpose of education, Montessori believes that no one is out of education, and you have to be yourself. In the early childhood, education was not intended to put some selective facts into children, but to cultivate their spontaneous learning desire. Montessori has a unique perspective on how to look at children: childhood is a complete individual. Montessori believes that children are not a dull life that depends on adults, not an empty container that needs to be filled by adults. It is children who create adults, do not experience childhood, do not pass the creation of children, there is no adult. She sees children as the source of love, and the child as the awakening of the adult spirit (Aslanian, 2015, P160).. Montessori believed that children had a mental development pattern long before they born. She called children the essence of this natural spirit embryos, this spirit is the embryo will only show in the process of development, and must have two conditions: first, children must depend on the overall relationship with the surrounding environment, including things with people. Only through this kind of communication can he know himself, understand the boundaries of the environment, and develop a complete personality. Second, children need freedom. So education has to start at birth. Although children are born with a spiritual development model that can lead him to grow, he does not have a behavioral pattern that guarantees success. Humans have a natural sensitivity that, if awakened too late, will damage the relationship betIten children and the environment. Montessori proposed eight child development law of nature: "work" rules, independent, attention, willpoItr, intelligence development, imagination and creativity, emotional and spiritual life, and growth stage. Montessori believes that the new education should include three factors: teachers, the environment and children. Children's body and mind are the result of the interaction betIten the individual and the environment. Only in a certain environment can children find something suitable for their natural development. Montessori stressed the importance of the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "prepared" environment that will enable children's physical, intellectual and personal development. For Montessori, schools should be such a "prepared environment". The environment has six elements, including: the concept of freedom, structure and order, truth and nature, beauty and atmosphere, Montessori teaching materials and the development of group life (Platz, & Arellano, 2011, P61). The idea of Montessori education is similar to that of many educators in our country. Therefore, its ideas are increasingly recognized by Chinese young educators and accepted by all. |
