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不同利益相关者的目标
在今天的英国存在很多类型的组织,但最常见的有独资商,私人有限公司,政府,合伙企业,公立企业以及股份有限公司。
独资商的结构最简单，它很容易成立，当你刚刚注册完您的业务名称就能够开始交易，这种类型的组织是由只有一个人建立。所有的流程都由你来管理，并且所有的利润(纳税之后的)也只属于独资商,因为这它是由他/她建立的。正因如此，老板们不得不接受一种风险并且可能会赔钱。利润取决于能动性，独资商的例子有:小商店、专业律师、服务企业、农场、医生等。
下一个类型是合伙企业。它是指公司是由两个或两个以上的人(但最大20)组成的。伙伴是指一个有相同的责任并且分享利润和管理的个体。每个成员都必须纳税，有时医生、会计师、律师联合起来并组织成合伙企业。
Objectives Of Different Stakeholders Economics Essay
There are a lot of types of organizations in UK today, but most common are sole trader, private limited company, government, partnership, public and Public Limited Company.
The simplest structure is the sole trader. It is easy to start. You just register your business name and able to start trading. Such types of organizations are funded by only one person. All processes are managed by you and all profit is belongs to the sole trader (after paying tax) because it is funded by him/her. As result the owner has to accept a risk and be able to lose money. The profit depends on activity. Examples are: small shops, professional lawyers, service businesses, farms, doctors, etc.
The next way is a partnership. This means that company is funded by two or more people (but maximum is 20). Partner is an individual who has equal responsibilities and share profit and management. Each member has to pay tax. Sometimes doctors, accountants, lawyers unite and organize partnership company.
Private Limited Company is a non-government organization. Its shares are not listed in stocks and it is owned by small numbers of members. It is able to sale shares to customers but not the general public. As a result they tend to be small as to raise funds they need directors to act as guarantors for loans. The company is managed by two or more directors. Usually such type of company is used by families. The most famous and success private limited company in UK is Virgin.
Public limited Company is a type of company used in UK and the company provides limited liability to its management and owners. In contrast to the private limited company, public one is able to sell shares on public exchanges and stocks. There are several criteria to be PLC. The first one is the minimum share capital and the number of directors. It has not to be less than 50 000 pound and less 2 directors. Also every company should take PLC symbol in the end of the name.
Government organizations are owned by country usually they have more permission in inside and sometimes in international markets too. To be a government company state should have more than 51 % shares of company and company managed by state. Usually many railway and transport company are government companies.
Franchising is a more difficult form of incorporation. Usually in this type of organization involved two different companies. One gives permission to use their brand, other rents this brand. So the first company has a profit from selling brand. Examples are: McDonald’s and Subway.
1.2 Describe the extent to which an organization meets the
Objectives of different stakeholders.
Individuals, groups, government and all other members who are interested in an organization are called stakeholders. The power and interest of different stakeholders are different. Interest stakeholder is determined by his desire to influence the organization.
Therefore, the scheme of stakeholder:
The Influence of the stakeholder = Power X Interest.
Stakeholders dived into groups: C:\Users\Навруз\Downloads\QQ截图未命名.jpg
Internal
External
Source(http://chw1986.blogspot.co.uk/2010/07/sample-essay-of-bao3309-advanced.html)
Internal stakeholders have a direct and immediate impact on the company.
External affect the business indirectly.
An interest and an influence of different stakeholders.
Shareholders
Shareholders people who have invested money in the firm, obviously they are waiting for financial return. They are interested in the growth of profits of the company and its annual dividend. If shares were purchased with speculative purposes, then shareholders may be interested in the growth of their prices to the further resale of shares to cash in on the difference in the costs of buying and selling.
Top managers and directors.
Managers as any employees who are interested in their salaries, bonuses and prizes. It is important for them and such a thing as a non-financial involvement. Occupying a high position, the Manager takes on weight in society and in their own eyes. In addition, any Manager care about his responsibility area.
Customers
Customer is the most important stakeholder. It is because they create demand in the market. Their interest is to get the right products at reasonable prices and in good quality. The consumer is interested to get the product as quickly as possible. Guarantees of security and health item also are important for them.
Suppliers
Those firms that supply raw materials or semi-finished products for companies, as well as provide some services, interested in what the firm ordered from them regularly, punctually paid in accordance with the terms of the contract. Also any provider interested in closer contact with the company, for example, entering into an exclusive contract.
Financial corporations
Structures that provide the company loans, they are interested in timely refunds and interest. They can keep track of the company with a view to determining whether it is effective it is using funds received and whether their pay.
Government
Authorities are interested in tax revenue resulting in the formation of the city budget. It also expects the firm's employment, as well as the legality of its actions.
Corporate social responsibility policies are a duty to do best for good of society. First of all it aimed to customers by offering safe and healthy products at reasonable price. For example Barclays which always provided financial service has CSR policy which includes providing healthy transport such as bicycles to London even it not profitable. The company helps community by this way and increase number of its customers.
1.3
Explain the responsibilities of an organization and
Strategies employed to meet them.
The main response of the company is to provide good serve or product to it is clients. Consumers want to know if they buy safety and qualitative goods or serve. Companies surely should guarantee what they produce or serve. Marketing also have a place here because many organizations usually promise too much on ads but in reality goods are not as they were described. All this points are written in legislation and organizations must follow them.
If we talk about workforce, the company must provide them safety and good condition where they work. The Health and Safety at Work (HSW) is the law which provides and protects these points.
According to Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (cited rospa.com, 2012 ) “All employers have a duty to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of their employees. They also have a duty to protect non-employees from risks arising out of their work activities”.
This means employer is liable to provide safe and healthy work environment.
In the recruitment process organizations have to provide equal opportunities for all applicants. These points are written in The Equality Act 210 (cited homeoffice.gov.uk, 2012). According to this Act organizations do not have write discriminate jobseekers by their age, sex, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation and so on.
Companies must provide honest financial report every year or quarterly to their shareholders. It is a statement in which financial performance and other operations are written. For example Enron’s (USA company) top managers over stated their profits in the financial report which lead to scandal among stakeholder. As a result company became bankrupt.
Another aspect is environment. Organizations are responsible to provide safety goods not only for consumers but it have to be no dangerous for environment too. Today there are a lot of talks about global warming and pollutions. The company's goal is to reduce them within the law. For examples they must buy environment friendly equipment’s. Such companies like Gazprom care about it. The company tries to minimize the effect from their activity by using new technologies moreover they invest money in environmental programs. According official website Gazprom in 2010 58% of their investment took a place in water protection, 26% – land protection. |
