yy贡献度怎么算,金蝉脱壳bd,申城巷
| 留学生在写完学术论文以后，为方便检索以及帮助读者理解文章，通常还需要写summary（概述，摘要）。一篇summary的篇幅可能不长，但这是全文内容的概括，需要用简练、准确的语言表达出全文内容。下面小编就告诉大家如何写好summary。 To write your summary, first scan thedocument you are summarizing to get an overall impression. Thenread it carefully, highlighting or underlining the most significantinformation.（要编写摘要，请先扫描您要汇总的文档，以获得整体印象。 然后仔细阅读，突出显示或强调最重要的信息。） Youwill want to especially pay close attention to the first and last sentenceof each paragraph. Usually the firstsentence is the topic sentence and the last a summary of the paragraph so theywill have the most important ideas.（你可以关注每一段的第一句和最后一句。 通常，第一个句子是主题句子，最后一个是段落的摘要，因此它们将具有最重要的想法。） The First Sentence: is to refer to theauthor and what they have written about. Ageneral format for the first sentence is as follows: First Sentence Examples Inhis/her/the article {“Article name,”} {Author’s name} + {primary verb} + {mainidea}. In his/her/the article {“Article name,”}{Author’s name} + {primary verb} + {main idea}. Example: In his article “Children and Video Games,” Steve Peterson stronglyrecommends that parents should not allow their children to play video games. n There are a number of primary verbs that can be used in asummary. Some of the most common are listedhere. 1. Claims 2. Recommends 3. Argues 4. Reports 5. Shows 6. Insists 7.Explains 8. Describes 9.Suggests Note: Many of these verbs will often befollowed by the word “that”. Other First Sentence Examples In the article “Men are different thanwomen”, the author describes 10 important differences between men andwomen. In this article, the author explains howthe Chinese economy has developed so quickly in the last ten years. The Rest of the Summary The first sentence should be followed by the main ideas andsupporting ideas in the same order that they appear in the text. Remember that all sentences should be statedin YOUR OWN WORDS. If youabsolutely must use a sentence or phrase from the original text, make sure thatit is put within quotation marks (" "). Also remember that youare just restating what is expressed in the text; you should NOT be adding anyof your own opinions. Longer Summaries Most summaries will be quite short. But if you are writing a longer summary youcan add some phrases like the ones below.（大多数摘要都很短。 但是，如果您要撰写更长的摘要，可以添加一些类似下面的短语。） The author goes on to say that ... The article (author) further states that ... (Author’s last name) also believes that… (Author’s last name) concludes that… No matter what format you choose to use, stating the main purpose ofthe article in the first couple of sentences is very important if you want towrite a successful summary. After you have written this you can try to write a summary of eachparagraph. If the article you aresummarizing is written well this should be easy to do. It will be harder if the paragraph does nothave a good topic sentence. Now we are going to take some time to practice writing anothersummary in class. Please use this timewell as it will be helpful in preparing you for the final examination. This article is an article that was used inthe past for the doctorate students examination. |
