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1.3 Network communication
1.3.1 Performance of visual communication in the network
In the network era, visual communication has its own characteristics, first of all, because of the support of computer and network, people have more material to produce visual works, people have a more optimized choice in terms of color, contrast, transparency and other aspects, people can make use of video or expression pack to create dynamic visual works, therefore, in the Internet age, visual works can be more attractive (Ryan, 2016; Ross and Rivers, 2017). Then, in the Internet age, visual works have more mobility, once a visual work is accepted by the majority of Internet users, it can be quickly spread to the rest of the world. Again, contents of visual works can be easily edited to express different meanings, for instance: same pictures with different words can express different meanings, different pictures coupled with the same text can express the same meaning (Ryan, 2016; Ross and Rivers, 2017). Finally, anyone can make visual works in the network to communicate with people, but limited by relevant network technology, producers have to master relevant network technology to produce good visual works (Piata, 2016).
1.3.2 Differences between middle-aged and old, as well as young people in terms of communication behavior in the network
Chao et al. (2017), Han et al. (2017), Yang et al. (2015) contrasted the difference of network communication behavior between middle-aged, old people and young people in China from the perspectives of attitudes, communication objects, communication contents and communication software. The research results revealed that the middle-aged, old people were more serious in communicating with other people on the Internet. Middle-aged, old Internet users were relatively mature, inclusive, they would not abuse and vent with no reason, nor did they parody. Compared with young Internet users’ entertainment, venting, game features, the middle-aged, old Internet users have quite serious attitude in communication (Chao et al., 2017; Han et al., 2017).
Communication objects of middle-aged and old people were usually relatively fixed, and they usually maintained a more frequent and long-term communication frequency with the communication objects, the communication objects were usually those who the middle-aged and old people were familiar with in reality, only a few were new friends made through the Internet, and the middle-aged and old people usually made less new friends. And young people communicated with more people, they loved to communicate with different objects and young people were better than the elderly at finding new friends on the network, young people usually only communicated frequently with those who have the same interest as they have (Han et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2015). The middle-aged and old people were happy to share their life experiences in their communication, they were willing to care about others and liked to make suggestions for others. And the communication between the young people was more sharing their emotions, expressing their views, or discussing a problem (Chao et al., 2017).
The middle-aged and old people communicated with people on the Internet usually only by one or two communication software, and usually most of the communication software functions were rarely used. And young people would be skilled in the use of a variety of communication software, most of the functions of the communication software were used (Han et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2015).
The use of expression pack is an important part of communication on the network. This study was based on the above content to analyze the differences between middle-age, old people and young people in using expression pack, as well as reasons for the existence of these differences.
1.4 Expression pack
1.4.1 Definition and characteristics of expression pack
Expression pack is a way to use pictures to express feelings. Expression pack is a popular culture formed after the active of the social software, expression pack is popular on the Internet, almost everyone uses expression pack. In the period of the mobile Internet, people take popular stars, quotations, animation, video screenshots as the materials, coupled with a series of matching text to express a specific emotion (Oleszkiewicz et al., 2017).
Expression pack is essentially a popular culture. Relying on the continuous development of social contact and networking, ways of communication between people change accordingly, from the earliest text communication to using some simple symbols, emoji expression, and it is gradually evolved into an increasingly diverse expression pack culture, Internet users use some self-made expression pack with popular elements to communicate. Most expression pack is funny, and the composition is exaggerated, through the collection and sharing of expression pack, people can get fun, while showing their own expression pack, people can be recognized by others to achieve psychological satisfaction (Xiang et al., 2016).
1.4.2 Functions of expression pack
Expression pack has many functions, which may lie in the following five aspects. Firstly, fast-paced modern life brings people a sense of tension and oppression, production and dissemination of expression pack is Internet users’ a way of going out of the pressure. In the process of production and dissemination of expression pack, Internet users are involved in the discussion, collection, forwarding and other network interaction, expression pack contains humorous comic elements for Internet users to get fun (Vidal, Ares and Jaeger, 2016). Secondly, expression pack gives Internet users opportunities to express their views. The self-made expression pack by netizens represents a grassroots culture, which a kind of resistance to the mainstream elite culture, it is also a subversion of the mainstream values. Internet users can be through the spoof of classic discourse to deconstruct and reproduce, to create their own words (Kavanagh, 2016). Thirdly, expression pack is combined with current hot events and characters, with the advantages of social network platform in disseminating, it is easy to quickly resonate with Internet users, thereby enhancing the discussion of a topic on the Internet. In addition to popular stars and stars on line, some variety show, movies, TV series and animation works can be taken as materials by netizens to make expression pack (Derks et al., 2007). Fourthly, Emotional symbols can lead to association to add chat content, emotional symbols become an important medium for people to communicate, it is an effective complement to text (Mahajan and Mulay, 2015). Jaeger and Ares (2017) said that people have once resorted to the abstract meaning delivered by literal symbols, which has been beginning to give way to reality and feelings based on image propagation. Jaeger and Ares (2017) believed that emotional symbols can visually represent the information exchanged and add the text content. The appearance of expression pack to a certain extent avoids the monotony of pure text communication and makes up for the lack for visual experience to provide attitude, emotion, voice and other important supplementary information. Rodrigues et al. (2017) found, emotional symbols can lead to people's association, reflecting the connotation and extension of things. As the language symbols are ambiguous, in communication, people can use expression pack to understand meaning. Finally, with the development of network culture, many users are not satisfied with the official expression pack provided by instant messaging software, they begin to find their own material to produce, reproduce and disseminate expression pack (Jaeger and Ares, 2017). For example, a fan group who like a star will be keen on spread of the expression pack of the star, the elderly group like the expression pack with traditional neon font and expression pack full of positive energy, and young people who are keen on moe culture and shut-in culture have their exclusive expression pack (Jaeger et al., 2017). Those ho produce and use the same kind of expression pack form a small circle, people interact in the circle to form cultural identity, which invisibly promotes the development of network culture, reflecting the inclusive and diversified characteristics of network culture in the new media era (Marengo, Giannotta and Settanni, 2017).
1.4.3 Types of expression pack
Since the birth of expression pack, there are a number of types in China, from the functional point of view, expression pack can be divided into the following types: those which can reflect the current hot people and events, expression pack used to express emotion, expression pack used to greet in communication and expression pack used to ridicule, spoof, and so on (Mahajan and Mulay, 2015; Jaeger and Ares; 2017). Considering from the protagonists of expression pack, expression pack can be divided into: stars, folks, animation, animals and so on (Marengo, Giannotta and Settanni, 2017; Jaeger and Ares; 2017). In terms of the format, expression package usually uses PNG format, JPG format, JPG format, EIF format and so on. JPG format is usually used to create a static expression pack, gif is usually used to make dynamic expression pack, EIF can be used to create dynamic and static expression pack, but it can only usually be used in the production of expression pack used in QQ, PNG format has all the advantages that gif and JPG format has, and it also has some of its own unique advantages, such as: the color is more real and it is easier to be spread (Jaeger et al., 2017; Marengo, Giannotta and Settanni, 2017).
This study was based on the characteristics, functions and types of expression pack to analyze the differences between middle-age, old people’s and young people’s motivation, preference, behavior in the use of expression pack. |
