论文题目：一共三个题目，要写四篇，具体见附件
论文语种：英文
您的研究方向：MBA
是否有数据处理要求：否
您的国家：加拿大
您的学校背景：加拿大一般大学MBA
要求字数：1250字每篇 共4篇
论文用途：mba课程作业 Assignment
是否需要盲审（博士或硕士生有这个需要）：否
补充要求和说明：参考文献格式havard，数量5-8个，essay格式
1. Introduction
Social Media bases the web (especially web 2.0) and other kinds of technologies http://www.szdhsjt.com/jndessaydx/ to make the communications become the interactive dialogues. So it is a kind of mew media for communication and interaction, it is effectively supported by accessible technologies, and it is a kind of communicative revolution. Now, as the Arab is experiencing the free expression revolution that has broken the long-time barriers of information monopolies in Arab. In fact, in the social media aspect, the Arab world has had the rise of an independent and energetic social media and steadily increasing citizen participation on the Internet that is expected to have more than 100 million Arab users in 2015. So understanding the Arab social media is to know what is arguably the most exciting and unprecedented improvements to free the expressions and access to information in Arab history.
2. The main social media in Arab
“Facebook and other social media platforms are now beginning to define how people discover and share information, shape opinion, and interact.”
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Carrington Malin, an executive at Spot On Public Relations in Dubai
Social media has enlarged the high-tech communicative tools to give the individuals’ freedom to express their ideas, and Arabs are in fact looking for the space on the net to show their thoughts and enjoy freedoms that would otherwise be stopped to most. But while Arab Internet users have gained communications and technical rights to use social networks to get together, they did not share these rights immediately. Until now, to express one’s opinion online, even when not concentrating on the topics which were considered sensitive or limited, remains risky in Arab.
Under the influence of many western countries and its advanced internet technologies, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and any other SNSs are very popular, especially among the young people. Besides, many websites, such as 7iber.com, Ammannet.net, AmmonNews.net, Aramram.com and so on are the most important local websites in Arab. These websites produce a lot of original youth-oriented videos and written content built around the themes such as the environment, Jordan’s ethnic minority communities, encouraging civic responsibility, music, dance, and the views of a progressive professor at the University of Jordan who offers religious perspectives of the daily events.
Meanwhile, as the use of 3G technologies, many Arabs are making full use of these high-technologies in order to receive more information and messages.
3. The ways social media fuel Arab Spring with its power
3.1 The reason why social media carried so many messages about freedom and democracy
Philip Howard has ever pointed out “Our evidence suggests that social media carried a cascade of messages about freedom and democracy across North Africa and the Middle East, and helped raise expectations for the success of political uprising. People who shared interest in democracy built extensive social networks and organized political action. Social media became a critical part of the toolkit for greater freedom.”(Taking Egypt as example, as the information appeared on the net which directly resulted in President Hosni Mubarak’s resignation of tweets from Egypt and about Egypt climbed from an average of 2,300 per day to 230,000. Videos about the rising became viral, and blogs around the world focused on the events as they were on process. The Mubarek administration’s weak attempt to stop the scale of the uprising by shutting off Egypt’s access to the Internet just added fuel to an already unsteady situation, and the world was able to watch it take place like a domino effect, its spread are generally by the social media-driven conversation. So a lot of information, news and messages are spreading quickly because of its news nature. As we know, the people are always influenced by the news which is attractive and latest, and the news on the social media are often spreading quickly than any forms of media, and it can get more resources because it can get all the people in the world together. So the governments are using social media to reflect its democracy and freedom because of its popularity and its transmission. (Arab Knowledge Report, 2009)
3.2 The ways social media fuel Arab Spring with its power
Social media alone is not so important for the whole Arab Revolution, but was a successful motivation when connected with many other kinds of methods, not matter it is digital and traditional media. Technological advances like cell phones, video cameras, blog posts and Facebook, in conjunction with more traditional media outlets like Al Jazeera, created the effective ways for such effective information spread. (Frederik Richter, 2010) The advanced media has offer the chance for free expression that the traditional media did not under the examination of the governments. The content shared between Arab nations and the rest of the world featured videos and images of people from all classes, not just the wealthy, and was captured by cell phones and cameras.
Social media helped many people to get together in a short amount of time. It also provided a platform for people to express their solidarity, both in the same country and with other countries. Instead of planning the protest together, the word is able to spread rapidly that a large number of people were able to get together even in several hours later, because word spread from there quickly. Unlike traditional media, The most important power of the social media is its rapid spread
4. Conclusion
Generally speaking, the Arab social media are both in the beginning and in the very advanced period, it means that the technologies are advanced but there are some limitations of it. To be sure, blogging and social networking alone cannot be expected to bring about immediate political change. It’s the long-term influence as the development of new political and civil society appears. Social networking has changed expectations of freedom of expressions to the extent that individual and collective capacities to communicate, mobilize and gain technical knowledge are expected to result in even greater voice, political influence, and participation over the next periods.
References:
“Arab Knowledge Report 2009, Toward Productive Intercommunication for Knowledge,” Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation and United Nations Development Programme, Arab Knowledge http://www.szdhsjt.com/jndessaydx/ Report, October 2009 (accessed December 9, 2010)
Frederik Richter, “Lively Bahrain Social Media face Government Pressure,” Reuters, October 21, 2010, http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69K2OG20101021 (accessed December 12, 2010.)
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