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The children were in the classroom 2 hours ago. (The subject is plural.)
In the above examples, the subjects are different, and there are singular and plural subjects. The predicate has to be adjusted accordingly. All of them reflect the strict subject-verb concord requirements in English sentences. In Chinese, the subject does not dominate the predicate.
2.4.3 Sentence constituent
Most of notional words and most of the phrases in modern Chinese can be used as subjects; in English, only nouns can be used as subjects. In modern Chinese, a predicate appears after the subject, verbs, adjectives, etc. can all be predicates, while in English, a predicate is mainly acted by a verb (Cumming, Yang, Qiu, Zhang and Lai, 2018). In Chinese, two or more predicates can be used, but in English, it is generally necessary to add some words between two verbs to indicate direction or connection.
3.0 Conclusion
This article analyzes the differences between Chinese and English in terms of lexicon, grammar, phonology and syntactic structure. From a lexical perspective, there are differences in the scope of application of words between Chinese and English, the meaning of words, and the collocation of words. From a grammatical point of view, there are differences in the distinction of word parts, tenses, and passive voice between Chinese and English. From a phonetic perspective, there are differences in the use of vowels and consonants, as well as tones. From a syntactic perspective, the two have differences in the structure of sentences, the relationship between a subject and the predicate, and sentence constituent. Of course, this article only summarizes some of the differences between Chinese and English. For Chinese learners, understanding these differences is very important for mastering Chinese.
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