世界贸易组织（WTO）及其协议

1. Introduction引言

世界贸易组织（WTO）和它的协议是一个总协定关税与贸易（GATT）的相关协定，该协议是在乌拉圭多边贸易谈判的最重要的成就，同时该协议也是世界上最大的多边贸易体系。

The World Trade Organization (WTO) and its agreements are one of the most important achievements of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) at Uruguay round multilateral negotiations, and the world’s biggest multilateral trading system.

该组织的成立，不仅意味着世界贸易的从常时间的单一规则的时间开始转型，同时也预示本着互惠互利的宗旨能够更好的在各国之间得以发挥，赢得共赢，取得追求和平的合作发展。
This organization's establishment not only means that the world trade’s beginning transition from the multi-regular time to the single rule time, simultaneously also indicates the oncoming  of a brand-new era of even more ordered international economy relation with the motto of mutual benefit and win-win and the pursuit of peace, development and cooperation.

 

2. Main body正文

2.1 Significance of China, China Taipei, Vietnam’s Entrance to WTO中国的意义，中国台北，越南的入世

2.11 Contribution to Economic Reform贡献给经济改革

(1) China中国

In recent years the enhancement of Chinese economy’s fast development as well as the market access degree are all the results of foreign trade through which channel enormous ly influenced the world’s other country areas and the world market. Regarding this, Frass Baker, the person in charge of UNCTAD globalization and development department, appraised: “China has played a role of engine in the last turn of the world economic growth.”(Li Shouping, 2004).

(2) China Taipei中国台北

Taiwan’s coming entrance to WTO will cause the island industry to come under the influence. Generally speaking, in the short-term the island economy will be under certain impacts; But in the long run, then the advantage is bigger than the shortcoming. After entering WTO, Taiwan’s various industries will receive varying degree of influence.

(3) Vietnam越南

The trading rights is one of the important talked negotiation subjects when Vietnam joinedin WTO. The Vietnamese government pledged that it will implement the new law, after the entrance, to hasten consistence and the transparence of application, registration and stipulation for both the domestic and the overseas entrepreneurs related. Simultaneously the Vietnamese government also pledged that all Foreign enterprises and individual person are authorized to apply to be engaged in the import export trade service, the importer is also authorized to decide its domestic business agent voluntarily.

 

2.12 Analysis分析

 

(1) China中国

February 4 2008, World Bank President Zoellick appointed Lin Yifu, economic professor of Beijing University the world bank chief and vice president of the bank responsible for the economic development. This act may be regarded as a symbolic event implying China’s more participation in multilateral trading system’s construction.

(2) China Taiwan中国台湾

The influence of entering WTO is big to Taiwan automobile industry. The increasing Taiwan automobile industry import quota, the reducing import tariff and the excise tax and the gradually lowering self-restraint rate limit until cancel, all of these will have the negative influence to the Taiwan automobile industry's overall competitive power. After lowering the customs duty and canceling local imports limit, Taiwan automobile industry immediately faces counties such as Japan and South Korea, Australia in import automobile's competition. The cancel of the import restrictions and so on will cause Taiwan products’ auto market percentage to drop more than 30%, the output value will be reduced by 60%, the competitive power difference will be eliminated. Canceling the self-restraint rate and the lowering spare part customs duty will force the island spare part manufacturer to not be able to improve the quality or to reduce the cost in order to carry on the competition with the importer.

(3) Vietnam越南

Vietnam pledged to open consultation service of the bank financial, intermediary and other auxiliary of financial service; the foreign country commercial banks may establish the office and branch; for the foreign commercial bank of which joint capital do not surpass 50%, and  the joint capital leveraged lease company, and 100% foreign capital leveraged lease company, the joint capital and the foreign capital financial company, in years Vietnam will relax gradually regarding  to the foreign bank branch’s deposit receive limit, and give the complete national treatment to January 1, 2011.

 

3.conclusion结论

 

On January 1, 2005, Zoellick on behalf of the American trade announced that the American - - Australia free trade agreement starts to become effective starting from today. This is the agreement in all free trade agreement US has signed which most reduces the product tariff. According to the US-Austrian free trade agreement, 99% finished products US exports to Australia will immediately be exempted from the customs duty, but a whole 100% of the agricultural products the US sells to Australia will be completely exempted. According to the American manufacturer estimation that just one Australia's exempt from tax to the finished product export will earn the US nearly 2,000,000,000 US dollars every year. Australia is US important trade partner and the investment partner. The US and Austria bilateral trade total amount already grew 54% since 1994, at present approximately for every year 29,000,000,000 US dollars. Australia is the US 10th greatly export market with the airplane, automobile and medical equipment occupying 93% of the total export from US to Australia.

 

Mexico retains its exclusive rights in the petroleum and natural gas resource mining, the refinement and the foundation petroleum industry aspects, but the non-petroleum chemical industry will be open to the foreign investor.
 

The free-trade zone strengthened various countries' industrial division of labor and the cooperation and the resources deployment is more reasonable. The economical complementarities between the agreement countries enhanced various countries' industry competitive power. For example, Mexican, Canada's energy resources’ supplementary to US strengthened Mexican, Canadian energy productivity.

 

(1) Pattern of Region Trade Agreement Counter-Dumping and Countervailing System.

Through the contrast, we could summarize and make out the NAFTA counter-dumping and the legal regime's pattern. NAFTA has used some unique counter-dumping and the countervailing legal regimes, which namely do not stipulate in the region unifies counter-dumping rule or counter-subsidy rule, but instead allow various contracting parties to adopt counter-dumping or the countervailing measures mutually suitable to the respective national law.

(2) NAFTA Counter-Dumping and Countervailing Legal Regime.