英国绩效改革论文由英国论文代写中心提供资源，阐述有关英国政府的绩效评估
A, introduction
Since the 1980 s, the performance evaluation of government began to get great attention and favor. And the most lasting application performance evaluation, and the most extensive, technology is mature, when is the British. In the 1970 s, given the government faces serious financial crisis, management crisis, trust crisis and the legitimacy crisis, Margaret thatcher a power to push administrative reform. As a representative of the new misogynistic, Margaret thatcher in "ideology to the right on the new national socialist view, think excessive expansion of the state to erase individual, family and social groups of creativity, no efficiency to production and distribution the public products." [1] she 'emphasis on the value of capitalism is reasonable ┅ ┅ claims in return values of "classic" orthodox capitalism. '[2] in the new right under the guidance of the concept of, Margaret thatcher ruling after the introduction of the private sector's bold management personnel, use the private sector management philosophy, management methods and techniques to improve the government management, expecting to improve the administrative efficiency, realize the value of money. And, from the conservative manifesto presented in "reduce waste and bureaucracy and excessive government" claim, we can see, less waste, realize the value of money, thatcher will use the private sector management tools to pay attention to the results, performance measured. And performance evaluation as the private sector to measure, improve performance of effective tools, also will be the thatcher government management toolbox a powerful weapon.
In 1979, Margaret thatcher a on stage, he appointed as her sir reina efficiency consultant, and established the efficiency group, to the various government departments to operate in a comprehensive and in-depth investigation. Reina review prompted the government started to pay attention to the government's output and results, preliminary set up government performance and cost consciousness. Following the reina review in 1982 after the financial management of finance promulgated new scheme is clearly put departments and the person in charge of the hierarchy to "clear their goals and measuring the output and performance standards and methods." [3] this marks the public sector formal implementation of performance evaluation. In 1988, the British government and further pushing the next action plan which enable organizations in the departments of the government performance evaluation for the widespread use of. Due to the performance evaluation has integrated into British administrative reform, become a British management is an important part of socialist movement, although thatcher to step down, and leaders change happened, but public department performance evaluation still with the British administrative reform, administrative reform the theme of the conversion and forward development.
Two, the British government performance evaluation, the review of the development process
Public sector performance evaluation of the earliest application in Britain in 1968. At the time, the British royal land supervision, and the irs and started releasing all departments in the document approving aliens overall productivity index, and develop all kinds of performance and BiaoYong to measure the subordinate departments. "But in the 1980 s, before the performance evaluation limited to input and output is easy to identify and adjustment of executive function." [4] until the 1980 s, and the major thatcher's government after the government, the Blair government in order to improve the administrative efficiency, improve the government performance, just have established a series of administrative reform to promote and popularize organization performance evaluation. As the chart shown a administrative reforms events [5]. These administrative reform measures effectively promote the public sector performance evaluation in Britain's sustained, stable development. In general, according to the evaluation of different emphasis, the public sector performance evaluation can be divided into two stages: efficiency a stage, quality excellent optimal a stage. In the 1970 s to the 80 s, the emphasis of the performance evaluation of government is economy and efficiency, are in pursuit of input-output ratio maximized. From the end of 1980 s, with the benefit and the quality are concerned, the emphasis of the performance evaluation of government to benefit and customer satisfaction, quality has been mentioned an important position.
1, efficiency optimal a stage
Since the end of the 1970 s, the "efficiency strategy", under the guidance of the thatcher government introduced a reina assessment, minister management information system, financial management new scheme reform measures. These reform to a great extent by the British government performance evaluation of the application of the department. Among them, reina review is the focus of the economy and efficiency, its purpose is through the review to end and avoid those not ideal thing (including outdated, untimely task, inefficient working procedures and methods, etc.), so as to reduce the government spending and operating costs. Following the reina review in 1980 after HeSaiErTing environment minister in the establishment of the area environment minister management information system is "integration goal management, performance evaluation and other modern management methods and design of information collection and processing system". [5] it will performance evaluation, goal management, management information system, and the combination of make public sector performance evaluation more strategic, sustainability. And the financial management new scheme is secretary of the information management system of expansion, extension and systematized. In this period, the public sector performance evaluation has obtained the preliminary development, but the main emphasis of the assessment is economy, efficiency.
Chart source: Massey, Andrew (1999) The State of Britain: A Guide to The UK Sector (MPA), p. 17-18.
2, quality distinctions a stage
The 1980 s, Margaret thatcher of carrying out the "next action plan" and "civil charter movement", "competition for quality" campaign turn the since 80 s "efficiency strategy" the reform direction, started quality and customer satisfaction new direction. In 1988 the British in the implementation of the next steps in the department put forward a "executive agency", and the core of the actuator, coordinate and supervise operation "proper distance control", its way including the establishment of performance goals, and the distribution of resources, design performance and standard and in this paper the performance of the actuator in the determination of accurate. At the same time, in order to make up the actuators responsibility mechanism of flawed, "next action plan" is also proposed to implement the program performance at regular intervals and will review the results public. After Margaret thatcher after, John Major government introduced a citizen charter movement and competition for quality sports, these reform measures and further strengthened the quality and customer service reform ideas. For example, in the charter movement of the citizens, John Major government required the public service institution and departments draft charter with six principles: clear service standards, transparency, the customer choice, polite service, perfect the supervision mechanism, the value of money. In the conservative government after, new Labour government followed the conservative direction of reform, they continue to emphasize the efficiency of public service, capital value and customer oriented. For example, Tony Blair government actively introduce benchmark technology; Will citizens charter was renamed "service first", and the establishment of the citizens to review group; And in the local government level, implement the "Best Value" (Best Value or the highest Value).
Three, the British government performance evaluation, development characteristics analysis
From the above the British government performance evaluation of the development process, we can find that, after 20 years of development, the organization performance evaluation in the application of the departments of the government gradually become often, systematic and standard up. But at the same time, we also see, the public sector in many aspects of performance evaluation is changed, including evaluation emphases, evaluation subject, value standard etc.
1, the emphasis of the assessment from the economic, efficiency to benefit, quality
Performance evaluation first introduced the public sector, as administrative efficiency as the core subject, pay attention to reduce cost, improve efficiency. In Britain, Margaret thatcher introduced first performance evaluation tools, mainly on the British government at that time is too low, the efficiency of existing waste serious problem, hope through the use of the enterprise performance evaluation tools to review government performance status, in order to improve the administrative efficiency and reduce costs. By the 1980 s, although reform in economic and efficiency in obtained great achievements, but at the same time another problem has become increasingly prominent, that is, if the conservative government administrative reform continue to economic and efficiency as the key point, will inevitably suffer sacrifice quality and public service to pursue spending saving of the accused. For this reason, the emphasis of the reform of the administrative Britain from the economy, efficiency to the quality of public service, the transfer. Also, as British administrative reform important content, the public sector performance evaluation and the emphasis of the economy, efficiency to by quality and customer satisfaction.
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