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导读：每个国家地区的Assignment写作要求、格式、结构都是会有一些差别的，还有老师的不同也会有不同的写作要求。Assignment的类型也是有很多种，每一种都有其结构和特点。这篇文章就以英国的为例，为大家介绍了英国留学的教育学Assignment的框架和格式特点。对公立学校和公立学校进行了详细的比较，这两个系统显示了资金和费用，入学标准，班级规模，课程和教育质量的差异。 鉴于他们两个都有优点和缺点，因此将孩子送到公立学校总是比在公立学校就读更好是不明智的。 因此，建议家长做出合理的学校选择。
A comparative analysis of public and state schools in the UK英国公立和国立学校的比较分析
Introduction 介绍
众所周知，承担智能支持和人才保留任务的教育是国家可持续竞争力和持久繁荣的基础。在个人层面上，它满足了人们天生的好奇心，让人们从无知中获益，使他们能够通过知识和技能获得生计，获得地位并实现价值。因此，创造最好的教育环境成为许多父母的首要任务，他们以负责任的方式在养育子女方面采取了积极的行动。这项比较分析侧重于英国的学校教育，旨在为家长和公立学校之间的选择提供一些依据。两种学校在各个方面的差异，包括学费，课程，班级规模，大学毕业确定和评估费率，并且还涉及如何选择适合儿童的学校的解决方案。
It is widely acknowledged that education that takes the tasks of intelligent support and talents reservation is fundamental to a country's sustainable competitiveness and enduring prosperity. On an individual level, it satisfies people’s innate curiosity and delivers people from ignorance, enabling them to gain a livelihood, acquire status and realize value via knowledge and skills. Creating the best educational environment thereby becomes a top priority of many parents who lovingly act in responsible ways in the raising of their children. This comparative analysis focuses on schooling in the United Kingdom, aiming to shed some light for parents on choice between the state and public schools.Differences of the two types of schools in a variety of aspects including fees, curriculums, class sizes, college-going rates are identified and evaluated, and solutions on how to choose the appropriate school for children are also involved.
Key Terms关键术语
在进一步探讨之前，应该指出英国有两种基本类型的制度 - 公立学校和州立学校，这是本文特别关注的两个关键术语。英格兰或威尔士的一所传统公立学校是指一所收费的独立学校，针对年龄在13-18岁之间的儿童。从更广泛的意义上讲，它可以等同于私立学校。州立学校被认为是由当地政府资助和支持的学校，对没有学费的学生开放（Diffen，2015）。
Before probing any further, it should be fingered out that Britain has two basic types of institutions---public school and state school, which are two key termspertaining particularly to this paper. A traditional public school in England or Wales refers to a fee-paying independent school targeted at children with an age range of 13-18. In a broader sense, it can be equated to a private school. A state school is perceived as a school funded and supported by local government and is open to students without tuition (Diffen, 2015).
Comparison: public school vs. state school
Perhaps the most obvious external difference between a public school and a state school lies in funding & fees. Generally speaking, public schools have several funding sources such as private corporation endowments,, and tuition fees paid by students undoubtedly playa crucial role in maintaining the existence and everyday operation. How much being demanded also varies great from school to school. In contrast, students educating in state schools bring little economic burden to their families for the reason that these schools have incomes depending largely on state funds and taxation.
The two kinds of schools also differ in entrance standards. In the term public school, the word public here means that any student who can afford the high fees have access to public schools, regardless of their home locations and religious factors.Apart from the financial requirement, students who fail to meet the academic level or other standards are likely to be objected. For instance, in addition to IELTS scores and high school study, enrollment students are required to go through additional tests conducted by public schools before they are actually accepted. As a matter of fact, it’s not an easy thing for a student to enroll in a public school, and this is especially true for those schools with good reputations. In terms of the state school, itmust give admission to all children living in the school district, and exceptional situation occurs when some one has bad conducts.The principle that no kid should be left is accorded with the policy of compulsory education.
Next, there are discrepancies on class size and curriculum. State schools are often blamed for overcrowded classrooms where some students may probably be neglected due to teachers’ limited time and energy; worse still, the large students population in state school imposes tough challenge on administrators because of the higher possibility of school bully and other violent behaviors. In contrast, public schools are considered as better alternatives that have classes of smaller sizes and stronger security guarantee. Regarding the courses in the two systems, the National Curriculum (NC) is applied to many state schools. It is a government-oriented education framework introduced in the year of 1988, outlining the basis competence that pupils should master in mathematics, language and many other disciplines (Department of Education 2014). Besides, some topics tend to be taboo in class like sexual knowledge. As for public schools, they have more flexible curriculum designs. It is not a necessity for them to follow the NC, and in most cases, they teach above and beyond the official standard withcomparative wider scopes and fewer limits. Moreover, personalized classes can be provided to cater to students’ special needs, such as religious education and artistic course. Nevertheless, they have to be subject to inspection from related government departments on a regular basis.
Education quality is also perceived to be an important dimension that can distinguish state schools from public schools to some extent.It is indeed the case that a growing number of parents in middle class are holding little confidence on the quality of the state system with belief that sending children to state schools is an inferior selection because of such worrisome as second-rate teachers and outdated teaching methods. Therefore, they tend to transfer their children to public schools where children areguided with committed, informed and supportive teachers in trendy way. For instance, some public schools insist that students should be praised and instilled with a commitment to excellence (Hutton 2015).Indeed, education quality exerts direct influence on children’s achievements. It is argued that students in public schools appear to be more capable in reading and arithmetic skills compared to that of state ones(Grossberg2014). Further, public schools seem to have greater chance in cultivating promising people. For example, there have emerged many Prime Minsters, Chancellors of Exchequers and other celebrities from the well-known public school, Eton College.
Evaluation
From the above analysis, it can be seen that public schools appear to be advantageous with respect to class size, safety and education quality. Specifically, students in a small class can get more attention from teachers, and teachers in return can discover and remedy incipient problems among students at risks for poor academic performance and negative psychology on time, and give quick feedbacks to related parents as well. Besides, it is easier for administers to manage and monitor public schools with fewer students, hence, public schools are more safe. Regarding education quality, public schools are equipped with diverse personalized courses, first-class faculty resources and new teaching ideas, which are conductive to developing students’ full potential.
Nevertheless, it cannot be neglected the expensive price of attending a public school, which serves as the first and most common obstacle for students. Many parents in high economic status prefer public education in hope that such investment can bring more development opportunities for their children. Hence, there is a preconceived notion that public schools are exclusively for elites while children from low-income families can hardly be included. Parents’ decisions are not final because there may be another entry barrier coming from public schools. As the above has mentioned, some public schools have their own entrance standards, and students who don’t meet the requirements will be refused.
In terms of state schools, it cannot be denied that problems are prominent, such as overcrowded classes and weak safety measures. It is encouraging that the administrators and educators attach much significance to these complain, and are sparing no effort to make a change. However, it should be highlighted that the positive effect of the system can never be set-off by its negative aspects.
First and foremost, the biggest benefit brought to average British is the easy access to education. In other words, state schools make it possible for every British kid especially those in poverty to go to school. The right to education in relation to the normal exercise of other rights of citizens is an indispensable way for citizens to their individual survival and development. For the whole society, this is a basis step to narrow wealth gap and maintain social stability. Second, the quality of the state school system is improving. It is reported that the state sector nowadays has more than 11000 teachers graduated from Oxford or Cambridge, twice as many as the year 2003 (Guardian 2015). The soaring number indicates a high-quality army of teaching staff in the system. |
