迪丽娜尔的女儿,美规进口车,凶鬼恶灵第八季
| Literature Review也就是文献综述，可以是单独的一篇学术论文，也可以是留学生论文中的一部分。本文主要将留学生毕业论文中Literature Review的写作。Literature Review是完成选题以后，在对选题所涉及的研究领域的文献进行广泛阅读和理解的基础上，对该研究领域的研究现状(包括主要学术观点、前人研究成果和研究水平、争论焦点、存在问题及可能的原因等)、新水平、新动态、新技术和新发现、发展前景等内容进行综合分析、归纳整理和评论，并提出自己的见解和研究思路。 因此，文献综述应该向读者（导师）传达出你所选择的研究课题（topic）已经建立的知识和想法，同时通过文献综述中对reference的讨论研究课题的主要学术来源。 e.g. Many earlier studies of purchasing behavior identified two orientations of hedonic shopping and utilitarian shopping which means shopping for fun, experience or shopping rationally and process-oriented approach to shopping (Hirschman and Holbrook, 1982:92; Babin et al. 1994:644). Recent studies add more variations to analyze purchasing behavior. Gonalves and Sampaio (2012:1525) took gender, income, age and involvement as moderating variables for the investigation of credit card loyalty. 此外，在文献综述中还要对你所选择文献的长处（strengths）和局限性（weakness）进行评述，以便向导师展示这些出现在你毕设中的文献真的被你仔细认真的研究过。 下面就来看看Literature Review怎么写。 Literature Review写作指南 1.比较和对比不同研究者对某个问题的看法 相反的观点：e.g. Through analysis of 250 questionnaires toward one US college students about purchasing behavior of jeans, Bahng et al. (2013:367) consideredmajor, gender and age as variables and pointed out that college students could be divided into three shopping styles. …… On the contrary, Osman et al. (2011:78) claimed that there was no significant difference between gender and buying behavior in university students. 同时也需要展示不同研究者中相似的观点，看法。 2.批判性地评价其他作家的想法 e.g. However, the respondents interviewed in existing article were in age of 14 to 18, and particular product has been used during the investigation. It could hypothesizeinternational university students from UK might have similar result but brand image might have larger influence to university students as they grew older. 3.突出研究中的gap e.g. These previous researches only concerned with students in different countries and not include international students attitude. 4.显示你的研究如何与之前的研究相关 e.g. This research will investigatewhat factors that effects common attitude difference toward brand named products in international students. Therefore, previous researches could inform and guide the research or international students in UK, as gender, age, major, income (monthly expenditure)…… 5.以及定义并限制你即将着手要的问题 e.g. This research will also investigate effect of advertising and sales promotion in international university students in UK, and investigate which is the most effective for these students. 6.确定可能与您的项目相关的信息和想法 如果同学们写的literature review包含了上述所有的目的且逻辑清晰，那整片毕业论文妥妥的有了A的底色～ Literature Review写作注意事项 1.文献综述不是 一个接一个地描述或总结一篇文献的清单。也要避免每一段都出现研究人员名字的堆砌。 2. 链接词很重要 - 对具有相似观点的研究者进行分组的词汇包括：similarly, in addition, also -对具有相反观点的研究者进行分组的词汇包括： however, on the other hand, in contrast, nevertheless |
