加拿大essay:探索俄罗斯民间舞蹈
Exploring Russian Folk Dance
介绍
1.1背景信息
俄罗斯人认为俄罗斯舞蹈是庆祝对他们的生活的一种庆祝。俄罗斯民间舞蹈和民间音乐揭示了情感和精神的表达。访问俄罗斯成为一个经验的新土地。由于令人惊慌的大小以及欧洲有趣的历史，俄罗斯被称为一个具有吸引力的目的地。它被认为是一个终极旅游目的地，一个有着多种多样的音乐背景，是欧洲国家的三分之一的国家。俄罗斯的舞蹈充满了独特和巨大的表现(Chitranshi,2009)。俄罗斯舞蹈是一种人类活动，由人类的所有属性构成。因此俄罗斯舞蹈连同他们的术语,谚语,谚语和对话存在于这片土地上。在俄罗斯,古典芭蕾是一把尺子。没有现代舞蹈的训练,也没有性能空间以及一些现代学校。俄罗斯民间舞蹈中常见的农民,平民和下层阶级生活城外(比彼得的规则)。更高的阶级不会跳舞,但他们从舞蹈教练身上快乐享受着表演。
在俄罗斯舞蹈文化中，社会阶层之间的主要区别作为一个历史事件而发生。攻击已经打破了人们的生活方式生活,它还通过阻碍其逻辑序列，改变了俄罗斯舞蹈的发展。俄罗斯古典芭蕾舞蹈是世界各地非常受欢迎的舞蹈，自19世纪以来它仍然非常受欢迎(Chitranshi,2009)。
这里的研究人员旨在理解俄罗斯民间舞蹈的概念和原因这转化为俄罗斯芭蕾舞蹈。而本研究的目的是分析在俄罗斯民间舞蹈的概念和各种类型的俄罗斯著名的舞蹈。
介绍——Introduction
1.1 背景信息——1.1 Background Information
Russian people think that the Russian dance is a celebration of their lives. Russian folk dance and folk music discloses the feeling and an expression of spirituality. The visit to Russia is becoming an experience of this new land. Russia is known as an attractive destination due to the scary size along with an interesting history of Europe. It is considered as an ultimate tourist destination and the country is one third part of European countries with the diverse musical background. Russian dances are full of individual and huge performers (Chitranshi, 2009). Russian dances are the human activities which constitutes all properties about human. Thus Russian dance exists at this land along with their terminology, sayings, proverbs and conversations. In Russia, classical ballet is a ruler. There is no training for the modern dances and also there is no performance space along with some modern schools. Russian folk dance was common among the peasants, commoners and the lower class people living outside the city (earlier than the rule of Peter). The higher class people did not dance but they were getting pleasure from the enjoyable performances of dancing trainers.
The major differentiation among social classes within the culture of Russian dance took place as a historical event. That attack had broken the people’s way to live life and it also it changed the progress of Russian dances by stumbling its logical sequences. Russian classical ballet dance is very popular dance all around the world and it remained very popular since the nineteenth century (Chitranshi, 2009).
1.2 目的和目标——1.2 Aims and Objectives
The researcher here aims to understand the concept of Russian folk dance and the reason for conversion of this into Russian Ballet dance. While the objective of this study is to analyse the concept of folk dance in Russia and various types of Russian dances which are famous in the country.
1.3 研究问题——1.3 Research Questions
In order to attain aims and objectives of the research, researcher has designed below stated research questions:-
What are the various forms of folk dance in Russia?
What is the history attached with Russian folk dance?
How did Russian folk dance transformed to Ballet dance?
How the dance, as source of entertainment had converted into professional dance?
Who are the famous people linked to Russian folk and Ballet dance?
1.4 俄罗斯芭蕾舞团——1.4 Russian ballet
The actual ballet dance did not invent in Russia but the country has contributed very much for its development and currently Russian ballet has gained popularity all over the world. Various ballet dance performers along with the ballet companies have raised out of Russia and ballet theatres are attracting people in larger number. Ballet came into Russia during 1700s and in 1734, first ballet school was introduced (Albr?ght & Dan?еl 2004). After few years, an imperial school of St. Petersburg found first Ballet Company in Russia. It was first dominated by Italian and Russian dances as well as chorographers. In 1800s Russia’s Ballet dance incorporated some ideas from folk dancing. The higher class people did not increase and promote the art by supporting some companies. The French choreographer named as Marius Petipa and he was renowned for inventing ballet of Tchaikovsky. Russian ballet took place and observed in new era in the 20th century. It has been identified in previous studies that Michel Fokine (choreographer), Vaslav Nijinksy (dancer), Sergey Diaghilev and Alexandre Benois (designer) set up the ballet company in Russia. At that point of time, superb dancer Anna Pavlova was taking the place. At present Russian ballet is known throughout the world and attracting lots of visitors. There is several ballet companies are operated in Russia such as Kremlin Ballet, Perm ballet and Imperial Russian ballet academy. The well known cities have established their own ballet orchestras and theatres and that are focused by number of supporters. The role of Russian ballet to the classical dances cannot be undervalued. It has been known from past many decades and considered as the indicator of the classical dance. It leads other type of dances. Young girls are becoming ballerinas and their dreams have been powered by the famous Russian dancers. Thus Russian ballet dance has captivated large number of audiences all around the globe.
1.5 编舞者的贡献——1.5 Contribution of choreographers
1.5.1 瓦斯拉夫·弗米契·尼金斯基——1.5.1 Vaslav Nijinsky
This choreographer is renowned as the male dancer of all times and he has also called the god of dance (Parker and Derek, 1988). After the long time of female dominance in the field of ballet, he overtook the ballet dancers of those times such as Pavlova, Karsavina and Kschеss?nska established superiority in the within the male dance stage in twentieth century. His career in the ballet dance field has ended from past ten years due to his mental disease. But legendary of Nijinsky will continue until the appearance of such type personality who will overtake the ballet generation. Pole became the hero of an imperial Maryinsky theatre just after completing his studies from St. Petersburg school at the age of 18 years. He was the inspiration for the ballets in the western side. Then Fokine invented ballets for Nijinsky and other people like Ravel, Debussy and Stravinsky prepared music for him (Albr?ght, Dan?еl 2004).
At the time of First World War, Nijinsky as a Russian citizen was interned in Hungry. Diaghilev got success in getting him out of the country for the purpose to visit North American tour in 1916 and then he choreographed his main part in Till Eulenspiegel. Indicators of dementia praecox became clear for the members of the company and then became sacred of other dancers (Anthony, 2002). The first ballet of Nijinsky named as “L’Après-m?d? d’un Faunе” has become a milestone within the history of ballet Russes of Diaghilev. That ballet was marked near to the period in which Fokine was the biggest dancer. Thus the dancer Nijinsky emerged as a choreographer and his thoughts stimulated the doubts raised by Diaghilev and it ran contradictory to the classical folk dances of Russia. The production of first ballet was totally based some choreographic scores and they were recorded by Nijinsky in his dance entry system. It remained for many years and he became unavailable due to his mental illness for reproducing the work.
1.5.2师米歇尔·弗金——1.5.2 Michel Fokine
Michel Fokine got training from the Imperial school in St. Petersburg and then he joined Ballet Russes of Diaghilev in 1909. Then he went to United States in the year 1923 where he performed for the American Ballet theatre and Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. Fokine considered some artificial as well as random traditions along with the methods and techniques for expressive and natural choreographic styles. This style is known as the recurrent topic in the field of ballet dance. His new ideas and thoughts led the success of the Diaghilev Company. He choreographed so many ballets and Chopiniana that led Balanchine for trying the ballets which became his brand name. The classical ballet dance or folk dance has become unlimited since the days of Fokine and the people thinks that his choreography is old fashioned. So his ballets remained unproductive and suffered from deformation. He was surprised and shocked that it would happen in his career (Michel Fokine, 2011).
1.5.3 佩蒂巴和俄罗斯芭蕾——1.5.3 Petipa along with the Russian Ballet
Marius Petipa was the leading dancer and the choreographer along with the ballet of St. Petersburg in the year 1962. At that time he invented multi- acted ballet for the imperial theatre of Tsar. That ballet gave directions to other ballets and it was considered as classical ballet. In 1869, Petipa took the position of the master of ballet to the Tsar’s imperial theatre. Then he created so many single and multi act ballets for the presentation on the Russian stages. Then he created and developed Don Quixote type for the ballet in Moscow. He choreographed large number of dances along with numerous types of ballets. |
