干冰哪里有卖,蛇王饶了我,1993年6月30日
导读：此文是一篇英国Master Coursework范文，其内容说的是虚拟现实是目前的先进技术之一，有许多好处值得一提。全文详细解释了虚拟现实的主要概念。 为了更具体地说明虚拟现实的应用，还提到了鲍德里亚模拟概念的理论。 虚拟现实促进了许多领域的发展，报告主要讨论了虚拟现实在医疗保健和建筑行业的应用。
1.0Introduction介绍
随着技术的快速发展，越来越多的先进技术已经应用于科学，工程，建筑等各个领域。虚拟现实可以看作是近代先进技术之一，它在多方面促进了社会和经济的发展，虚拟现实的应用非常有用，需要详细分析才能看出其含义。它的具体例子。虚拟现实被认为是沉浸式多媒体，这是一个可以通过计算机模拟的环境，可以模拟世界任何地方的真实存在（Danet，2001）。虚拟现实可以重现的感官体验对促进社会和经济的快速发展非常有用，从长远来看，这将有利于整个世界。该报告将使用两个实例，用鲍德里亚的模拟概念理论解释虚拟现实在现代世界中的重要性。
With the quick development of the technology, more and more advanced technology has been employed in various fields, such as science, engineering, architecture and so on. The virtual reality can be seen as one of the advanced technology in modern times, which has assisted the development of the society and economy in diverse aspects, and the applications of virtual reality are quite useful, which should be analyzed in detail to see the implications of it with specific examples. Virtual Reality has been considered as the immersive multimedia, which is an environment that can be simulated by computers and can simulate the real presence in any place in the world (Danet, 2001). The sensory experiences that can be recreated by the virtual reality are quite useful in promoting the fast development of the society and economy, which can benefit the whole world in the long run. The report will use two instances to explain the importance of virtual reality in modern world with the theory of Baudrillard’s concept of simulation.
2.0Thevirtual reality and Baudrillard’s concept of simulation虚拟现实和鲍德里亚的模拟概念
2.1The brief introduction on the virtual reality虚拟现实简介
虽然虚拟现实的概念历史悠久，但很多人并不清楚它的含义。虚拟现实可以被视为一种身临其境的多媒体，它能够重现感官体验，包括气味，声音，视觉，触觉和品味。
近年来，由虚拟现实创建的环境已经显示在PC的屏幕上或者具有一些特殊的立体显示器，以及包括额外的感官信息的若干模拟，其强调从扬声器朝向虚拟现实的用户的真实声音。如今，触觉信息已包含在触觉，先进系统中，被认为是游戏，医疗，军事应用中的一种力反馈（Best and Kellner，1991）。此外，远程通信环境也可以通过虚拟现实来重建，这可以为VR用户提供电传和远程呈现或VA的感觉。使用虚拟现实技术模拟的环境可能与现实世界有点相似，旨在创造一种生活在现实生活中的体验（Deuze，2012）。例如，战斗训练和飞行员的模拟可以使模拟中的人觉得一切都是真的。然而，它也可以在很大程度上与现实不同，例如虚拟现实游戏。事实上，目前，很难以高保真度创建VR体验，因为在处理图像分辨率，功率和通信带宽方面存在一些技术限制。更重要的是，虚拟现实的支持者希望VR的支持技术在不久的将来变得更有效，更强大（Loader，1997）。
Although the concept of virtual reality has a long history, lots of people do not know its meaning clearly. Virtual reality can be considered as a kind of immersive multimedia, which has the ability to recreate the sensory experiences, including the smell, sound, sight, touch and taste.
In recent years, the environments created by virtual reality have been shown on the screen of a PC or with some peculiar stereoscopic displays, and several simulations including the extra sensory information, which emphasize the real sound from the speakers towards the users of virtual reality. Nowadays, the tactile information has been included in the haptic, advanced systems, which is considered as a kind of force feedback in gaming, medical, military applications (Best and Kellner, 1991). Moreover, the remote communicating environment can also be recreated by virtual reality, which can offer the VR users with the feelings of telexistence and telepresence or a VA. The environment that has been simulated with the technology of virtual reality may be a little similar to the world in reality, which aims to create an experience as if one lives in the real life (Deuze, 2012). For instance, the simulations for the combat training and the pilot can make the people who are in the simulations feel that everything is true. However, it can also be different from the reality to a great degree, such as the virtual reality games. In fact, at present, it is quite hard to create the VR experience with high fidelity, for there are some technological limitations on dealing with the image resolutions, the power, and the bandwidth of communication. What is more, the proponents of virtual reality wish that VR’s enabling technology turn much more effective in cost and more powerful in the near future (Loader, 1997).
VR has been employed to describe various applications, which often associated with the 3D, high visual, and immersive simulated environments (Turkle, 2009). With the development of the software in CAD, the nation becomes more and more popular in the world. The concepts of VR can also be diverse, such as the online communication, the immersion and so on. Many people always associates virtual reality with the data suits and the head mounted displays (Castells, 2000).
This is the brief introduction on the virtual reality. The following report will employ two examples to explain the virtual reality in detail.
2.2 The theory of Baudrillard’s concept of simulation
The theory of Baudrillard’s concept of simulation has become more and more popular with the development of the advanced technology. According to the theory of Baudrillard’s concept of simulation, the society of human beings in the postmodern culture becomes more and more dependent on the maps and models which people have lost touch with the real world. The reality has also started to simulate the model, which at present decides and precedes the reality (Flew, 2005). In the concepts of Baudrillard, the true question is to substitute the signs of the real world for the reality, and the imitation or duplication has become quite easy in modern times (Porter, 1997).
Baudrillard has pointed that people have lost the capability to understand the difference between the artifice and nature. In his opinion, there are 3 orders of simulacra. There are also various and a large number of instances to explain the loss of differences between the simulacrum and reality (Mackay and O’Sullivan, 1999). First, the culture of media, nowadays, is not only concerned with delivering information but with enabling pone to approach another and the world by the lens of various media images. Secondly, the exchange of value is also one reason. Baudrillard thought that people had lost all the concept of use-value, which has been captured by capital completely. The capital now can define all the identities of human beings (Green and Adam, 2001).
With the progression of the simulation, it is necessary to understand it with more details by using it in various applications. The following part will focus on the applications of VR in healthcare and construction to discuss simulation more specifically (Stefik, 1997).
3.0The examples of the virtual reality applications
3.1The applications of virtual reality in healthcare
Virtual reality has been employed in healthcare, including the surgery simulation, the training of certain skills, the robotic surgery and the phobia treatment (Plant, 1998). This kind of technology has many advantages, which enables the professionals of healthcare to master new techniques and refresh the existing persons in a secure environment. Moreover, it has allowed this process to cause no harm or danger to the patients.
For example, there is much human simulation software in the healthcare market. The HumanSim system can allow the nurses, doctors and the medical professionals to communicate others in an environment with the interactive effects (Shields, 2003). In a 3D environment, the professionals can be busy with the training scenarios where they have no choice but to communicate with a patient. This process can be considered as an immersive experience that can measure the emotions of the participants through a set of sensors. The VR diagnostics have become popular as well in modern times (Turkle, 1997). The virtual reality in diagnostic tools can help doctors to reach at a diagnosis with other ways such as the MRI scans at the same time, which can remove the necessity of invasive processes or a surgery. The virtual robotic surgery is also one aspect that the virtual reality technology has been applied. In this case, the robotic device can be used to do the surgery, which can be controlled by the professional, in the process of which the time can be decreased and the complications of risks can also be reduced.
3.2The applications of virtual reality in construction
In the construction industry, virtual reality is one of the most important technologies in modern times, which has promoted the fast development of the construction industry and enables the construction to be completed smoothly. With the employment of virtual reality, the efficiency has been increased and the profit margins have been raised. The virtual environment can provide an organization with the 3D structure and the experience in a real world (Shields, 1996). |
