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对知识管理的三种看法
Three Views Between Knowledge Management
摘要：
商务智能的概念(BI)和知识管理(KM)走在一条分离的细线上，他们两人被认为是新的研究领域的业务领域。在文献回顾,没有清晰的定义和关系。研究讨论这两个概念的关系，到目前为止有三个观点来考虑;商务智能作为知识管理的一部分。知识管理和商务智能有相同的目标,为组织提供一个增强决策能力以及获得竞争优势。然而,明确区分这两个是知识管理之间交易的隐性和显性知识以及非结构化数据而商务智能是更注重显性知识及其取向是在技术方面。在文献综述领域，本文旨知识管理作为商务智能的一部分作用,得出这三个观点，获得这两个之间的关系的理解。
关键词:知识管理、商业智能、商务智能和知识管理之间的异同点/在商务智能和知识管理间的观点
介绍
今天的商业世界是一个竞争激烈的竞技场,会议具体和独特的客户需求和管理知识，有效而迅速地找到自己的知识产权已经处于非常重要的地位。为了这些组织而竞争,努力和维持。为了他们的知识优势,商业智能(BI)和知识管理(KM)已注册的生产和管理知识作为他们的主要资本。这两个业务组件之间的关系是重要的区分和确定。
摘要：——Abstract:
The concept of Business Intellgence (BI) and Knowledge Management (KM) walks on a thin line of separation and both of them are considered a new research area in the field of Business. Upon literature review, there is no clarity on the definitions and relations of these two. Researches have debated on the relations of the two concepts and so far there are three views which have come into consideration; BI part of KM, KM part of BI and an integrated BI and KM. Both KM and BI have the same goals which are to provide the organization with an enhanced decision making capability as well as to gain competitive edge. However, the clear differentiator between these two is that KM deals both tacit and explicit knowledge as well as unstructured data whereas BI is more emphasizing on the explicit knowledge and its orientation is on the technology aspect. This paper aims to look the role of KM as part of BI but upon literature review, it is concluded that all three views are visited to gain comprehension of the relations between these two.
Keywords: Knowledge Management, Business Intelligence, Similarities and Differences of BI and KM, relations/views between BI and KM
介绍——Introduction
The business world of today is an intense arena of competitions, meeting specific and unique customer demands and to manage the knowledge as their own intellectual property efficiently and effectively has become very crucial in order for these organizations to compete, strive and sustain. In order for them to have the intellectual advantage, both Business Intelligence (BI) and Knowledge Management (KM) have been incorporated to produce and manage knowledge as one of their main capital. The relationship between these two business components is significant to be distinguished and established.
The relations of BI and KM have been explored by Zarghamifard and Behboudi. They stated that BI and KM are both concept of similarity and these areas of business studies are still at its early stage. The review of the literature shows that there are not enough studies that have been made to clarify the relationship between BI and KM (Zarghamifard et al., 2012). The practitioners of these disciplines are also found to be in a haze when distinguishing KM with BI. Herschel stated that a large portion of professionals in the industry cannot distinguish between these two concepts (Herschel, 2008).
Even though BI has proved to be significant in the business world, both of the academics and professionals world have not giving BI its worthwhile focus. Zarghamifard and Behboudi stated that by researching the distinct differences of these concepts, should address this inattentive issue and also should provide some clarity in relationship between these two. In other words, this paper attempts to look the role whether it is BI in KM, KM in BI or both of these concepts can be integrated and supplemented each other to provide one of the integral business intiatives.
From the literature, rather than looking BI into KM or KM into BI, most studies pursue the integration of BI and KM. It is a necessity to provide sufficient means for organization to counter the today's business challenges as well as to be very competitive in nature in any business environment. Albescu stated that the progression of Information Technology (IT) and the IT business application for businesses has helped to make this integration to be feasible (Albescu et al., 2008). In order to see the picture of the integration of KM and BI, a review of the literature on the definition of each concept, the comparison in distinguishing its similarities as well as its differences needs to be accomplished and this paper aims to cover this matter. The segregation of this paper as follows; the definition of BI and KM based on the literature available and the explanation of studies related with making the connection of KM and BI.
知识管理（KM)的定义——The Definition of Knowledge Managenment (KM)
From Behboudi (2009), KM is an area of study where much debacle has been made upon its definition among academicians and it originated from various disciplines. In order for an organization to have its competition edge, many organizations nowadays incorporate KM to manage their intellectual property. KM has been defined in various ways. Among them is the definition of: ""The effective learning processes associated with exploration, exploitation and sharing of human knowledge (tacit and explicit) that use appropriate technology and cultural environment to enhance an organization's intellectual capital and performance". This involve by the integration of multiple perspectives of KM with the perspectives of other multiple discipline (Jashapara, 2004). Another definition can be found from the literature is that KM is the focus of coordinating and integrating individuals' knowledge along with the intention to utilize and manage the organization's knowledge and thus, produce new knowledge (Diakolakis et al, 2004).
KM has processes which have been categorized by Bhatt (2001) into five categories: 1) Creation of Knowledge, 2) Validation of Knowledge, 3) Presentation of Knowledge, 4) Distribution of Knowledge and 5) Activities of Knowledge Application. Bhatt interpreted the KM as the definition and management of knowledge in various perspectives rather than just a simple process of capturing, storing and disseminate knowledge. In relation to the core competencies of an organization are deeply rooted into the organization's practices, the pattern of communication between the people, methods and technologies can be change through stages and this can only be achievable if the change to the culture of an organization has been made. It has been imperative for organizations to add value by create, validate and apply new knowledge into their business processes, products and services in tackling today's complex, dynamic and progressive business scenario.
商务智能（BI)的定义——The Definition of Business Intelligence (BI)
There are several of the definitions of BI in the academics literature even though this field of study is relatively new to the academics and the industry. In relation to this, the definition and concept is still vague at best, and there is no genuine single definition that can define BI and describe its concept in its entirety (Zarghamifard et al., 2012). However, in order to have some clarity of BI, few definitions from the literature is examined in this section. From the literature, the definition of intelligence is comprehension of past followed by the current awareness of today's happenings and the future prediction of tomorrow's dynamic opportunities (Vandergriff, 2009). Marren (2004) took BI as a simple application of collection, analysis and utilization of strategic information in making wise and profitable business decisions.
Another definition of BI is that, the combination of collecting data, storing data and KM with analytical tools to produce a presentation of internal information to business's strategist and decision makers (Vinekar et al, 2009). White (2005) defines BI as the business processes analysis and information production in order the assist the practitioners of business comprehend and improve its business processes to the optimal level of operations. However, a recent of definition of BI is as follows: "as the discovery and explanation of hidden, inherent, and decision-relevant contexts in large amounts of business and economic data" (Herschel, 2008). Herschel made this definition by referencing it to Gartner's outlook of BI where it as a collection of every technology that collects and process data to improve decision making in order to gain the competitive edge for the organization through the maximum use of large amounts of data. The technologies mentioned are the modelling of business rule, the profiling of data, data warehousing, data mining and online analytical processing. Herschel also states that the emphasis of technology-oriented aspects of BI is the main works of researchers in the development of the BI framework. |
