机器人的含义

1.0   Executive summary执行摘要
 

本报告的主要目的是分析机器人的含义。该报告列出了个人，组织和政府的利益和限制。

在第一部分中，国内机器人和工程的好处，这些机器人可以帮助将被证明，机器人是良好的个人。机器人将被列出的限制。例如，机器人太贵了，机器人可能会导致意外。

在第二部分中，工业机器人的好处和优势，将分析表明，这些机器人可以带来的利益组织的利益。在这一部分中讨论了价格、重型驱动系统和降低工作机会的可能性等问题。

第三部分，分析了军用机器人和机器人探测功能的影响。更甚的是，机器人的问题将被列出。

第四部分：机器人技术在未来的应用及发展趋势。

第五部分，对个人、组织和政府的建议进行分析。

在最后一部分，作者对机器人的含义的看法将给予。The main purpose of this report is to analysis the implication of robotics. The report lists the benefits and limitations of robotics for individuals, organisations and governments. In addition, the application of robotics in future will be discussed. In this report, some recommendations for them will be concluded too. 

In the first part, the benefits of domestic robots and the works those robots can help will be listed to prove that robotics are good for individuals. The limitations which robotics has will be listed too. For example, robots are too expensive; robots may cause accidents. 

In the second part, the benefits and advantages of industrial robots will be analyzed to show the interests those robots can bring to the organisations. And the disadvantages such as the prices, the heavy driving system and the possibility of reducing the job opportunities will be discussed in this part. 

In the third part, the effect of military robots and the robots’ exploration functions will be analyzed. What is more, the problems of the robotics will be listed.

In the fourth part, the applications and development tendency of robotics in future will be predicted.

In the fifth part, the recommendations for individuals, organisations and governments will be analyzed. 

In the last part, the writers’ views toward the implication of robotics will be given.

 

2.0   Introduction介绍
 

The development of robotics is the result of the scientific and technological advance. It is also the inexorable outcome of the development of the productive force and mankind. In general, robots are considered to be some removable automated machines which are controlled by the computers. Robots can be programmed to accomplish certain kinds of works. Furthermore, some kinds of robots have the abilities to sense the environment and have logical and critical thinking. Robots have three major features: quasi-man functions, perceptive functions and working functions. Nowadays, the robotics plays an important role in the social and economic development. It has been applied in every field. In the 20th century, the robotics has been developed rapidly and has been widely used in industries. It becomes a comprehensive subject which includes the mechanics, electronics, computer science, automatic control engineering, artificial intelligence and bionics and so on. The robotics is the concentrated reflection of high technology and it has great development value (Dickey 2010, pp. 33-45). The development of robotics can bring great interests for individuals, organisations and governments. However, it has many limitations too. Therefore it may have some harmful effects. As a result, it is important to lead the development direction of the robotics to make it more helpful. In this report, the benefits and limitations of the development of robotics will be listed. Some recommendations will be given to help people know more about robotics.

 

3.0   Situational analysis情境分析
 

3.1   The benefits and limitations of robotics for individuals

3.1.1   The benefits of robotics for individuals

It is expected by a lot of people that robots can be introduced into the family in the near future. A magazine conducted a survey on 1000 Americans. It asked them about the kinds of robots they want. Most of them said that they were looking forward to robot vacuum cleaners and play fellows (Gregory 2011, pp. 07-13). In addition, an investigation report of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe showed that the market of domestic robots would become the most important market in the 20th century (Gutierrez 2012, pp. 29-37). Domestic robots can help people with household duties so that people can have more leisure time. Some of the domestic can do cleaning, guarding and cooking. Some of them can take care of the children, answer the phone and print files. According to the chart which was predicted by some experts, the quantity demand of domestic robots would become bigger and bigger.

  (Gutierrez 2012, pp. 29-37)

There are also many kinds of medical robots which can be used to rescue, transport, operate and recover the sick and wounded. On the one hand, there are surgical robots. The surgical robots have accurate desetopes and elaborate movements. They will help the patients avoid the infections as the doctors do not need to have immediate contact with the patients’ blood during the operations. On the other hand, there are patient-care robots. The statistics of the world health organisation suggests that there will be more and more aging population in the next fifty years. In addition, there are plenty of disabled people who need care and service. The patient-care robots can help the daily life of the patients and aging people.

 

3.1.2   The limitations of robotics for individuals

Firstly, the domestic robots are too expensive. It is also very expensive to keep them in good repair as the parts of domestic robots are very costful and hard to purchase. Therefore, only a few people can enjoy the benefits of the developments of robotics.

Secondly, the operations of robots are very difficult for many people. Most of the robots need to be operated by well trained workers. They are too advanced to be used by people who know little about the robotics.

Thirdly, as the systems of many robots are not so perfect, the robots may bring some accidents. On 6 September 1978, a cutting robot treated a work like the steel plate and operated on him. It was the first time that a robot killed a man (Keiji 2009, pp. 27-41). In 1985, the robot player released strong current on the metal chessboard and killed a man when it was playing international chess with him (Michele 2010, pp. 78-86). In addition, the robots will be against to the society and do harm to the human development if their programs are maliciously altered by people. 

Fourthly, there are many people who discriminate against the robotics. They do not have correct understanding on the robotics and they worry too much about the problems which the robotics may bring. As a result, the development of robotics will be blocked by these people.

 

3.2   The benefits and limitations of robotics for organisations

3.2.1   The benefits of robotics for organisations

The scope and working space of the development of robotics have been broadened a lot. It has been expanded into the manufactures and service industries. Many research institutions have been taken up research on the robots which have perceptive functions since 1970 (Marko 2011, p. 49). Therefore, the robotics has been used in many fields such as the automobile industry, mechanical and electrical industries (including telecommunications industry), general engineering industry, construction industry, metal processing and casting industry and other light industries. 

Robotics is the important symbol and key technology of advanced manufacture. It has been applied to increase the organisations’ production efficiency. For example, the robotics has been used in the automobile industry. Robots have taken the place of manual operation in the work of stamping, pressure casting, forging, machining, soldering, tempering, fitting, and testing and so on. The density of robots in automobile industry is the highest among all of the industries.

Compared with the traditional machines, robots have two major advantages: the full automation of productive process and the altitudinal adaptive capacity of production equipments (Maria 2012, pp. 27-84). As a result, by taking use of the robotics, most organisations want to cut down the size of personnel force and improve the quality of products. 

Robots have other three major functions which can benefit organisations a lot. First of all, robots can do things which people do not want to do. For example, the works which are poisonous, harmful, high-heat or dangerous can be accomplished by robots.  Secondly, robots can do things which are difficult. Robots can do repetitive works which are taxing. For example, some simple works like stamping, pressure casting, soldering, machining and fitting can be done by robots. Thirdly, robots can do things which people cannot do. For example, people can send robots into the outer space, the ocean or even the human body. 

To sum up, the robotics can help the organisations in many ways. It can reduce the labor costs, material wastes and production costs. It can also increase the productivity and improve the quality of products. The robotics can help the organisations increase the flexibility during the manufacturing process. It helps the organisations accelerate the turnover of inventory. With the help of the robots, the dangerous and wicked operating posts can be eliminated. In addition, the robotics can help promoting the organisations’ core competitiveness and sustainable development capacity.